Clauses

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Clauses Sentence Types
(What your parents never taught you about the
Clauses.)
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INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

• a group of words that has a subject and verb that
  expresses a complete thought
• DOES make sense by itself
• ?think of what the word Independent stands
  for - it can be all by itself

Examples He cannot believe the news.
The dog barks loudly.
It starts every day.
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DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• does NOT make sense by itself (Sentence
  fragments)
• a group of words that joins with an independent
  clause to create a complete thought
• think of depending - it reminds you that it
  needs to lean on or depend on something else to
  fully work
• ALWAYS begin with a subordinating conjunction OR
  a relative pronoun

Examples Because she was hungry. Who is
very pretty. Which I rescued from the
shelter.
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DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS - joins or connects a
  clause for more information (MUST have a S/V
  after it!)
• After, since, before, while, because, although,
  so that, if, when, whenever, as, even though,
  until, unless, etc.
• RELATIVE PRONOUNS - introduces clauses that
  RELATE additional information about a noun
• That, which, whom, who, whose, etc.

Examples Because she was hungry. Before
we go out tonight.
Examples Who is very pretty. Which has the
biggest pool ever!
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NOW, YOU TRY

• She cannot understand that I need to study three
  hours for a test.
• The dog barks loudly when any cars drive by the
  house.
• My best friend, who is very kind and nice to me,
  lives next door.

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TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that
  modifies a noun or pronoun

Example The flag, which was created in
1847, is striped. (The underlined information
is a clause that describes flag- a noun.)
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TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• ADVERB CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that
  modifies a verb, adjective or adverb
• answers where, when, why, in what way, to what
  extent, under what condition

Example We saluted because the flag had
been raised. (The underlined information
is a clause that describes saluted- a verb.)
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TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• NOUN CLAUSE - a subordinate clause that acts as a
  noun
• often begin with the words that, which, who,
  whom, whose, what, whatever

• Example
• She could not describe which Scandinavian flag
  was her favorite.
• (The underlined clause acts as a
  noun for the sentence.)

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Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Article (2), common nouns (2), nominative
pronoun, action verb (2), coordinating
conjunction, preposition participle
Use your WHITE notes!
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Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Use your BLUE notes!
Subject, transitive verb, intransitive verb,
direct object, participle phrase, object of
participle phrase
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Standing on a ladder, I slipped and broke a
window.
Use your PINK notes!
Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline
DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an
adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun
dependent.
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The four guys, who worked hard to finish their
project, received extra credit.
Underline any INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Underline
DEPENDENT CLAUSES twice and identify if it is an
adverb dependent, adjective dependent, or noun
dependent.
Use your PINK notes!
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