Anatomy of Female reproductive system

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Anatomy of Female reproductive system
Teng Yincheng M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Department Of
Obstetrics Gynecology
Renji Hospital Affiliated to SJTU
School of Medicine

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• bony pelvis
• female genital organs
• blood supply of female genital organs

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Bony pelvis

• The bony pelvis is made up of 4 bones

ilium
sacrum
pubis
ischium
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1) 2 os coxae or innominate bones
the ilium coxae the ischium
the pubis
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• 2) 1 sacrum Formed from 5 sacral
  vertebrae which fuse.
• 3)1 coccyx Formed from 4 fused vertebrae.

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2.Joint and ligament

• Sacro-iliac joint
• Sacro-coccygeal
• joint
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3.True pelvis and false pelvis

• The pelvis is divided into
• the pelvis major (false pelvis)
• is bounded by the lumbar vertebrae
  posteriorly,an iliac fossa bilaterally,and the
  abdominal wall anteriorly
• the pelvis minor (true pelvis)
• is formed by sacrum and coccyx posteriorly and
  by the ischium and pubis laterally and anteriorly

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4.Pelvic planes

• The pelvic inlet( pelvic brim)
• the promontory, and alae of the sacrum ,linea
  terminalis
• the superior border of the symphysis pubis
• The plane of greatest diameter is bounded by the
  junction of the second and third sacral vertebrae
  posteriorly,the upper part of the obturator
  foramina laterally,and the midpoint of the pubis
  anteriorly

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• The plane of least diameter extends from the
  lower border of the pubis anteriorly to lower
  sacrum at the level of the ischial spines
• The plane of the outlet is irregular
• consisting of two intersecting triangles

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5.The types of female pelvis

• Gynecoid pelvis
• Occurs 40--50
• the inlet is rounded
• the side walls are straight
• the sacrum is well curved, and the sacrosciatic
  notch is adequate

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• Platypelloid pelvis
• occurs in approximately 30 , 10 to 15 of
  African-american women
• There is an oval inlet
• the sacrum is normal
• the side walls are straight
• the sacrosciatic notch is narrower

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• Android pelvis
• occurs in only 2 to 5 of women
• wedge-shaped inlet
• the side walls converge
• the sacrum is inclined forward
• the sacrosciatic notch is narrow

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• Anthropoid pelvis
• occurs in approximately 20 approximately 40 of
  black women
• the inlet is oval, long, and narrow
• the side walls are straight(do not converge)
• the sacrum is long and narrow
• the sacrosciatic notch is wide.
• Both the interspinous and intertuberous diameter
  are somewhat smaller

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6.Length of pelvic plane diameters
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7.Pelvic floor
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female genital organs
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1.External genitalia

• mons pubis fatty tissue
• labia majora
• labia minora which lie inside the labia majora
• clitoris is located anterior to the labia minora

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• vestibule
• Lies between the labia minora Is bounded
  Anteriorly by clitoris Posteriorly by perineum
• Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the midline
  of the vestibule
• Bartholins glands also empty into the vestibule

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2.Internal genitalia

• 1)Vagina
• Muscular tube from vestibule extends to uterus
• The anterior vaginal wall is 2cm shorter than the
  posterior wall
• The area around the cervix---the fornix
• the posterior fornix is important pouch which
  allows access to the peritoneal cavity from
  vagina
• The vaginal wall consists of a mucous membrane ,
  Beneath this is a submucosal layer of connective
  tissue which contains a rich of veins and
  lymphatics
• The muscular wall has three layers of smooth
  muscle.

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2)uterus

• Cervix
• cylindrical shape, 2-3cm long
  vaginal portion external os
• cervix tube
• stratified squamous epithelium
• simple columnar epithelium

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• 2) Isthmus separate cervix and body
• 3) Corpus cornu fundus
• long 7-8cm wide 4-5cm thick 2-3cm
• The ratio of the body to the cervix
• Before puberty 12 after puberty 21

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• The uterus is surported by the following
  ligaments
• Round ligament
• Broad ligament
• Cardinal ligament
• Utero-sacral ligament

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Histology of uterus

• There are three layers of the body
• The inner is endometrium which is consisted of
  the simple columnar epithelium
• Beneath the mucosa is the muscular layer,covered
  by peritoneal serosa

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3)Fallopian tubes

• Length 8-14cm
• The tube is divided four portions
• Interstitial
• isthmus
• Ampullathe centre portion
• Infundibulumsurround the ovary and help to
  collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation
• The innner layer is covered by ciliate columnar
  epitheliun
• The cilia beat toward the uterus assisting in
  oocyte transport

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4. ovaries

• Be located on either side of the uterus
• Volume431cm
• Weight5-6g
• be almond-shaped
• Is divided two portion
• cortex(outer portion)
• contains amount of
  follicles
• medulla(central portion)
• blood vessels,
  nerve fibres,
  lymphatics

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blood supply

• Arterial system
• Ovarian artery from abdominal aorta (left may be
  from kedney artery)
• Uterine artery
• Vaginal artery
• Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac
  artery

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Lymphatic drainage

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The organ in the neighborhood

• Urethera
• Urinary bladder
• Ureter
• Rectum
• Vermiform appendix

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Thanks for Your Attention
Teng Yincheng M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Department of
Obstetrics Gynecology
Renji Hospital Affiliated to SJTU
School of Medicine