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Ch.4, Sec.1

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Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth - the Earth is divided into three basic layers: the crust, the mantle & the core - the densest layer is the _____ due to the immense ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ch.4, Sec.1


1
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
- the Earth is divided into three basic layers
the crust, the mantle the core
- the densest layer is the __________ due to the
immense amount of gravitational pull types of
radioactive elements
  • The Crust
  • crust the thin and solid outermost layer of the
    Earth above the mantle

- the thinnest layer of the Earth with a width of
3 to 63 miles labeled as continental or oceanic
- mostly made from silicon, oxygen aluminum
2
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
  • The Mantle
  • mantle the layer of rock between the Earths
    crust and core (1,800 miles wide)

- contains most of Earths mass (67) is denser
than the crust
  • The Core
  • core the central part of the Earth below the
    mantle (2,130 miles wide)

- contains 33 of Earths mass is mostly made
of iron and nickel
3
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
  • The Physical Structure of the Earth

- the Earth is divided into 5 physical layers
based on physical properties (see pgs. 98 99)
  • 1. lithosphere the solid, outer layer of the
    Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid
    upper part of the mantle we call tectonic plates
    (1,800F)
  • 2. asthenosphere the plastic layer of the
    mantle on which the tectonic plates move (1,800F)
  • 3. mesosphere the strong, lower part of the
    mantle between the asthenosphere the outer core
    (1,800F)

4
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
  • 4. outer core the liquid layer of the Earth
    below the mantle (6,700F)
  • 5. inner core the solid, dense center of the
    Earth, which is 4,000 miles beneath the surface
    (7,800F)

5
The Rock Cycle (pgs.30-31)
6
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
  • Tectonic Plates
  • tectonic plate a block of lithosphere that
    consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost
    part of the mantle
  • the Pacific plate is the largest has created a
    large ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
    called the Ring of Fire

7
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
  • The Ring of Fire

8
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
- tectonic plates completely cover the surface of
the asthenosphere
- plates are normally thicker where continents
are thinner under the oceans
  • Mapping the Earths Interior

- seismic waves from earthquakes travel through
the Earth at different speeds (slower through a
liquid faster through a solid)
- seismographs measure the times at which
different seismic waves travel through the
Earths interior
9
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
10
Ch.4, Sec.1 Inside the Earth
1. Why do seismic waves travel faster through
solids? __________________________________________
_________
2. Why do seismic waves travel slower through
liquids? _________________________________________
__________
3. Where is the greatest amount of volcanic
earthquake activity? ____________________________
_______________
4. Is the crust more dense under the oceans or
the continents? Why? _____________________________
_________________
5. What two factors cause metamorphic rocks to
form? ____________________________________________
_______
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