Exploring Data

1
Exploring Data

• AP Exam Review
• Chapters 1-10

2
College Day!

• Garb and Graph Presentations

3
Univariate Data
4
Big Ideas

• Visualizing Distributions

Categorical Quantitative
Dot plots Histograms
Bar Charts Cumulative Relative Frequency Plots (Ogives)
Pie Graphs Stemplots
Boxplots
5
Big Ideas

• Comparing Distributions

Categorical Quantitative
Dot plots Either one above the other, or side by side Histograms Either one above the other, or side by side
Double Bar Charts Cumulative frequency plots on the same grid
Back to Back Stemplots
Parallel Boxplots
6
Big Ideas

• Describing Distributions
• C enter U nusual S hape S pread
• Center Median or Mean
• Unusual Features Clusters or Gaps
• Shape Symmetric, Skewed (right or left), bell
  shaped, and uniform
• Spread Standard Deviation or IQR (or Range,
  Variance, )

7
Big Ideas

• Other Important Vocabulary
• Empirical Rule

8
Big Ideas

• Other Important Vocabulary
• Z-scores

9
Bivariate Data
10
Big Ideas

• Quantitative Data
• ScatterPlots
• F orm U nusual D irection S trength
• Form Linear
• Unusual Outliers and Influential Points
• Direction Positive or Negative
• Strength -1 to 1

11
Big Ideas

• Evidence of an association is NOT evidence of
  Cause and Effect Relationship
• Correlation is NOT affected by which variable is
  called x and which y or by changing units
• Residuals difference between observed and
  predicted
• Regression line- minimizes the sum of the squares
  of the residuals
• Mean of Residuals 0 (Always)

12
Big Ideas

• A pattern in residual plot indicates non-linear
  model may fit the data better than a line
• Non-linear models can sometimes be studied by
  transforming one of both variables and then
  noting a linear relationship
• Be able to read computer print out
• Influential points are points whose removal would
  sharply change the regression line
• Coefficient of Determination gives the percentage
  of variation in y that is accounted for by the
  variation in x

13
Big Ideas

• Categorical Data
• Two-Way contingency tables
• Marginal Distributions- Row and column totals
  lead to calculations of the marginal distribution
• Conditional Distribution- focusing on single rows
  or columns leads to calculations of conditional
  distributions
• Independence- All conditional relative frequency
  distributions are identical
• Segmented Bar Charts
• Always out of a whole

14
Big Ideas

• Simpsons Paradox
• Occurs when the results from a combined grouping
  seem to contradict the results from individual
  groups
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vnuoedtpO-xU

15
Multiple Choice
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
Free Response
36
Exploring Data Packet
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.