Electrochemistry and Neurotransmitters REVIEW GAME

1
Electrochemistryand Neurotransmitters REVIEW
GAME
2
USG Part IIIElectrochemistrySee also the NOTES
documents posted online at our wikispace, the
online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,and
all assignments and materials related to our
Neuron Action Potential Circuit Design Challenge
Lab(especially your Lab Reflection) and
yourOhms Law and Electric Power Practice
Problems Classwork
3

• Electricity is generated by the movement of
  charged particles, in which like charges
  ___________ one another and opposite charges
  _________ one another.
• repel, repel
• repel, attract
• attract, repel
• repel, repel

4

• Electricity is generated by the movement of
  charged particles, in which like charges
  ___________ one another and opposite charges
  _________ one another.
• repel, repel
• repel, attract
• attract, repel
• repel, repel

5

• Electric charge is measured in ________________
• Electric current is measured in _______________
• Electric power is measured in ________________
• Electric resistance is measured in _____________
• Electric potential difference is measured in
  ________.

6

• Electric charge is measured in Coulombs
• Electric current is measured in amperes
• Electric power is measured in watts
• Electric resistance is measured in ohms (O)
• Electric potential difference is measured in
  volts.

7

• How is electric power calculated?
• Provide
• 1. The a mathematical equation in words,
• _________________________________
• 2. The a mathematical equation in one letter
  symbols,
• _________________________________
• 3. And the mathematical equation in units.
  _________________________________

8

• How is electric power calculated?
• Provide
• 1. The a mathematical equation in words,
• Power Current X Voltage
• 2. The a mathematical equation in one letter
  symbols,
• P IV
• 3. And the mathematical equation in units.
• watts amperes X volts

9

• What is Ohms Law?
• Provide
• 1. The a mathematical equation in words,
• _________________________________
• 2. The a mathematical equation in one letter
  symbols,
• _________________________________
• 3. And the mathematical equation in units.
  _________________________________

10

• What is Ohms Law?
• Provide
• 1. The a mathematical equation in words,
• Volts Current X Resistance
• 2. The a mathematical equation in one letter
  symbols,
• V IR
• 3. And the mathematical equation in units.
• volts amperes X ohms

11

• In a battery-powered circuit, because they have a
  _______ charge, electrons flow from the ______ to
  the ______.
• positive anode cathode
• positive cathode anode
• negative anode cathode
• negative cathode anode

12

• In a battery-powered circuit, because they have a
  _______ charge, electrons flow from the ______ to
  the ______.
• positive anode cathode
• positive cathode anode
• negative anode cathode
• negative cathode anode

13

• According to Ohms Law, if resistance between two
  points increases, current will
• decrease
• increase
• remain the same.
• become zero.

14

• According to Ohms Law, if resistance between two
  points increases, current will
• decrease
• increase
• remain the same.
• become zero.

15

• A circuit in which the path is complete, with no
  gaps is called a(n) _________________ because the
  _________ can flow.
• open circuit, current
• open wire, resistance
• closed circuit, current
• closed system, resistance

16

• A circuit in which the path is complete, with no
  gaps is called a(n) _________________ because the
  _________ can flow.
• open circuit, current
• open wire, resistance
• closed circuit, current
• closed system, resistance

17

• Imagine a simple series circuit with one 1.5V
  battery and one bulb. When the 1.5V battery is
  replaced with a 3V battery
• the bulb gets brighter
• the bulb gets dimmer
• the bulb stays at the same level of brightness

18

• Imagine a simple series circuit with one 1.5V
  battery and one bulb. When the 1.5V battery is
  replaced with a 3V battery
• the bulb gets brighter
• the bulb gets dimmer
• the bulb stays at the same level of brightness

19

• In a given circuit, increasing the length of the
  wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

20

• In a given circuit, increasing the length of the
  wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

21

• How much power is used by a 9-V battery that
  produces a 3 amp current?
•    

22

• How much power is used by a 9-V battery that
  produces a 3 amp current?
•    
• Remember, P IV or watts amperes X volts.
• Thus, in this case, watts 3 amperes X 9 Volts
  27 watts

23

• A circuit in which the path has gaps is called
  a(n) _________________ and the current __________
  flow.
• open wire, can
• open circuit, cannot
• closed circuit, can
• closed system, cannot

24

• A circuit in which the path has gaps is called
  a(n) _________________ and the current __________
  flow.
• open wire, can
• open circuit, cannot
• closed circuit, can
• closed system, cannot

25

• In a given circuit, decreasing the temperature of
  the wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

26

• In a given circuit, decreasing the temperature of
  the wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

27

• According to Ohms Law, if electric potential
  difference between two points increases, current
  will
• decrease
• increase
• remain the same.
• become zero.

28

• According to Ohms Law, if electric potential
  difference between two points increases, current
  will
• decrease
• increase
• remain the same.
• become zero.

29

• You have two light bulbs, one with a rating of 50
  watts and one with a rating of 100 watts.
  Remember that the voltage across each would be
  the same if they were placed in a light socket.
  How would the current through each light bulb
  compare?
• Both bulbs would draw the same current.
• The higher watt bulb would draw less current.
• The lower watt bulb would draw less current.
• The lower watt bulb would draw more current.

30

• You have two light bulbs, one with a rating of 50
  watts and one with a rating of 100 watts.
  Remember that the voltage across each would be
  the same if they were placed in a light socket.
  How would the current through each light bulb
  compare?
• Both bulbs would draw the same current.
• The higher watt bulb would draw less current.
• The lower watt bulb would draw less current.
• The lower watt bulb would draw more current.

31

• How much power is used when a 3 V battery
  produces 0.1 amp of current?
•    

32

• How much power is used when a 3 V battery
  produces 0.1 amp of current?
•    
• Remember, P IV or watts amperes X volts.
• Thus, in this case, watts 0.1 amperes X 3
  volts, 0.3 watts

33

• Current is measured in _____, resistance in
  measured in _____ and power is measured in _____.
• watts, ohms, amperes
• amperes, ohms, watts
• Coulombs, volts, amperes
• ohms, amperes, watts
• amperes, ohms, Coulombs

34

• Current is measured in _____, resistance in
  measured in _____ and power is measured in _____.
• watts, ohms, amperes
• amperes, ohms, watts
• Coulombs, volts, amperes
• ohms, amperes, watts
• amperes, ohms, Coulombs

35

• In a given circuit, increasing the diameter of
  the wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

36

• In a given circuit, increasing the diameter of
  the wire has which effect?
• Increases resistance
• Decreases resistance
• Increases current
• Has no affect on resistance or current
• B and C

37

• What is the resistance of a device if the current
  through it is 10 amps and the voltage across it
  is 5 volts?   

38

• What is the resistance of a device if the current
  through it is 10 amps and the voltage across it
  is 5 volts?   
• Remember, V IR or volts amperes X ohms
• Therefore, R V or ohms volts .
• I
  amperes
• Thus, in this case, ohms 5 volts
  0.5 ohms
•    10
  amperes

39

• Label the circuit below to show the following
  anode, battery, cathode, direction of electron
  flow, resistor, and switch.

40

• Label the circuit below to show the following
  anode, battery, cathode, direction of electron
  flow, resistor, and switch.

41

• What power is used if a resistance of 100 ohms
  has a current of 0.1 amps flowing through it?
•   

42

• What power is used if a resistance of 100 ohms
  has a current of 0.1 amps flowing through it?
• Remember, P IV or watts amperes X volts
• Here we must first determine the volts before we
  can solve for watts.
• From Ohms Law, we know that V IR or volts
  amperes X ohms
• Thus, in this case, volts 0.1 amps X 100 ohms
  10 volts.
• Substituting this value in our power equation
  above gives
• watts 0.1 amperes X 10 volts 1 watt
•   

43

• What is the power used in a device if the
  resistance is 100 ohms and the voltage across it
  is 4V?

44

• What is the power used in a device if the
  resistance is 100 ohms and the voltage across it
  is 4V?
• Remember, P IV or watts amperes X volts
• Here we must first determine the amperes before
  we can solve for watts.
• From Ohms Law, we know that V IR or volts
  amperes X ohms.
• Rearranging this equation gives amperes volts
• 
  ohms
• Thus, in this case, amperes 4 volts
  .04 amperes
• 
  100 ohms
• Substituting this value in our power equation
  above gives
• watts 0.04 amperes X 4 volts .16 watts
•   

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USG Part IVNeurotransmittersSee also the NOTES
documents posted online at our wikispace, the
online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,and
all assignments and materials related to
neurotransmitters,especially your
Neurotransmitters Activity Classwork Poster
46

• The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
  junction is ________, an ________
  neurotransmitter.
• Dopamine , excitatory
• Glutamate, excitatory
• Acetylcholine, excitatory
• GABA, inhibitory
• Serotonin, inhibitory

47

• The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
  junction is ________, an ________
  neurotransmitter.
• Dopamine , excitatory
• Glutamate, excitatory
• Acetylcholine, excitatory
• GABA, inhibitory
• Serotonin, inhibitory

48

• Arrange the following in the proper order in
  which they occur at the pre-synaptic side of a
  neuromuscular junction.1. Calcium ions enter the
  cell via voltage-gated calcium channels2. An
  action potential arrives at the presynaptic
  terminal3. Neurotransmitter is releasedA) 1, 2,
  3
• B) 2, 1, 3
• C) 2, 3, 1
• D) 3, 2, 1
• E) 3, 1, 2

49

• Arrange the following in the proper order in
  which they occur at the pre-synaptic side of a
  neuromuscular junction.1. Calcium ions enter the
  cell via voltage-gated calcium channels 2. An
  action potential arrives at the presynaptic
  terminal3. Neurotransmitter is releasedA) 1, 2,
  3
• B) 2, 1, 3
• C) 2, 3, 1
• D) 3, 2, 1
• E) 3, 1, 2

50

• The process by which neurotransmitter molecules
  detach from a postsynaptic neuron are reabsorbed
  by a pre-synaptic neuron so they can be recycled
  and used again.
• A. axon terminals
• B. synaptic transmission
• C. reuptake
• D. diffusion

51

• The process by which neurotransmitter molecules
  detach from a postsynaptic neuron are reabsorbed
  by a pre-synaptic neuron so they can be recycled
  and used again.
• A. axon terminals
• B. synaptic transmission
• C. reuptake
• D. diffusion

52

• Arrange the following in the proper order in
  which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a
  excitatory synapse.
• 1. Neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated
  ion-channel.
• 2. An action potential is propagated along the
  postsynaptic cells axon3. Depolarization of the
  post-synaptic membrane.4. Sodium ions move into
  the post-synaptic cell.
• A) 1, 2, 3, 4
• B) 2, 1, 3, 4
• C) 4, 2, 3, 1
• D) 1, 4, 3, 2
• E) 3, 1, 2, 4

53

• Arrange the following in the proper order in
  which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a
  excitatory synapse.
• 1. Neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated
  ion-channel.
• 2. An action potential is propagated along the
  postsynaptic cells axon3. Depolarization of the
  post-synaptic membrane.4. Sodium ions move into
  the post-synaptic cell.
• A) 1, 2, 3, 4
• B) 2, 1, 3, 4
• C) 4, 2, 3, 1
• D) 1, 4, 3, 2
• E) 3, 1, 2, 4

54

• Generally, neural impulses travel
•  a. electrically between and within each neuron.
•  b. chemically between and within each neuron.
•  c. electrically between neurons and chemically
  within each neuron.
•  d. chemically between neurons and electrically
  within each neuron.

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• Generally, neural impulses travel
•  a. electrically between and within each neuron.
•  b. chemically between and within each neuron.
•  c. electrically between neurons and chemically
  within each neuron.
•  d. chemically between neurons and electrically
  within each neuron.

56

• The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is primarily
  involved in
• A. emotional states and sleep
• B. physical arousal, learning, and memory
• C. learning, memory, and muscle contractions
• D. movement, thought processes, and rewarding
  sensations

57

• The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is primarily
  involved in
• A. emotional states and sleep
• B. physical arousal, learning, and memory
• C. learning, memory, and muscle contractions
• D. movement, thought processes, and rewarding
  sensations

58

• Neurotransmitters are _______ that travel across
  the ________ to another cell.
• a. electrical signals receptors
• b. electrical signals synapses
• c. chemicals receptors
• d. chemicals synaptic cleft

59

• Neurotransmitters are _______ that travel across
  the ________ to another cell.
• a. electrical signals receptors
• b. electrical signals synapses
• c. chemicals receptors
• d. chemicals synaptic cleft

60

• List the following in order of their
  occurrenceA. Action potential travels along
  axon of sending neuronB. The neurotransmitter
  must fit perfectly into the receptorC. Synaptic
  transmission occurs when the action potential
  causes neurotransmitters to be released by the
  synaptic vesicles in the axon terminalsD. The
  neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind
  with the correctly shaped receptor sites on the
  receiving neuron.
• ABCD
• ACDC
• ADCB
• ACDB

61

• List the following in order of their occurrence
  A. Action potential travels along axon of
  sending neuronB. The neurotransmitter must fit
  perfectly into the receptorC. Synaptic
  transmission occurs when the action potential
  causes neurotransmitters to be released by the
  synaptic vesicles in the axon terminalsD. The
  neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind
  with the correctly shaped receptor sites on the
  receiving neuron.
• ABCD
• ACDC
• ADCB
• ACDB

62

• Which of the following statements about the
  action of drugs is TRUE.
• A. Drugs can mimic the function of
  neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft.
• B. Drugs can block the ligand-gated ion channel
  site on the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron.
  
• C. Drugs can block the reuptake of the
  neurotransmitter by the pre-synaptic neuron.
• D. All of the above

63

• Which of the following statements about the
  action of drugs is TRUE.
• A. Drugs can mimic the function of
  neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft.
• B. Drugs can block the ligand-gated ion channel
  site on the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron.
  
• C. Drugs can block the reuptake of the
  neurotransmitter by the pre-synaptic neuron.
• D. All of the above

64

• Low levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
  are often associated with
• Depression
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinsons Disease
• Alzheimers Disease

65

• Low levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
  are often associated with
• Depression
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinsons Disease
• Alzheimers Disease

66

• Muscular tremors and rigidity in Parkinson's
  disease results from which of the following?
• Damage to acetylcholine pathway in the thalamus
• Damage to a dopamine pathway in the substantia
  nigra
• Excitotoxicity due to excess levels of glutamate
• Loss of GABA in the spinal cord

67

• Muscular tremors and rigidity in Parkinson's
  disease results from which of the following?
• Damage to acetylcholine pathway in the thalamus
• Damage to a dopamine pathway in the substantia
  nigra
• Excitotoxicity due to excess levels of glutamate
• Loss of GABA in the spinal cord

68

• Neurotransmitters are contained in _____ that are
  located in _____ of the pre-synaptic neuron.
• A. vesicles axon terminalsB. axon terminals
  dendritesC. receptor sites synapsesD. cell
  membranes synaptic gaps

69

• Neurotransmitters are contained in _____ that are
  located in _____ of the pre-synaptic neuron.
• A. vesicles axon terminalsB. axon terminals
  dendritesC. receptor sites synapsesD. cell
  membranes synaptic gaps

70

• Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are
  often associated with
• Depression
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinsons Disease
• Alzheimers Disease

71

• Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are
  often associated with
• Depression
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinsons Disease
• Alzheimers Disease

72

• Which of the following mechanisms can serve to
  remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?
• Reuptake by the axon terminus of the pre-synaptic
  cell
• Breakdown by enzymes
• Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft
• All of the above

73

• Which of the following mechanisms can serve to
  remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?
• Reuptake by the axon terminus of the pre-synaptic
  cell
• Breakdown by enzymes
• Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft
• All of the above

74

• Which of the following is a primary inhibitory
  neurotransmitter of the central nervous system?
• Acetylcholine
• Glutamate
• GABA
• Norepinephrine

75

• Which of the following is a primary inhibitory
  neurotransmitter of the central nervous system?
• Acetylcholine
• Glutamate
• GABA
• Norepinephrine