1. When do children develop their gender identity?

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1. When do children develop their gender identity?

• Between 2 and 3 years of age

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2. What is the difference between gender roles
and a persons sex?

• Sex is biological, gender roles are cultural

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Gender Roles

• The expectations of parents, peers, and society
  of how we should think or behave because we are
  male or female

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3. How do children acquire gender roles?Social
Learning/Role Theory

• Argues that we learn gender roles in two major
  ways
• Operant conditioning we receive rewards or
  punishments for specific gender role behaviors
• Observational learning we watch and imitate the
  same sex parent because these behaviors are
  rewarded

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Social Learning/Role Theory

• Different toys, different discipline techniques,
  different types of encouragement
• 4. What is the major criticism of social role
  theorys explanation?
• Critics argue that gender development is not
  acquired passively and that the childs cognitive
  abilities play a role

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5. Cognitive Developmental Theory

• Argues that a childs thought processes are
  primarily responsible for gender role development
• Children identify with and imitate same-sex
  parents because they recognize that these
  individuals belong to the same category as they
  do
• Once they label themselves, they learn the male
  and female rules through active involvement with
  their environment
• They form gender schemas sets of information
  and rules organized around how either a male or a
  female should think and behave

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6. What is the major difference? How can they
work together?

• Social role theory is based more on outside
  forces cognitive developmental theory stresses
  internal forces based on gender rules
• Both internal and external factors are important

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7. Differences in Aggression

• Nature hormones, brain structures
• Nurture encouragement from society

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8. Cognitive ability differences

• Women score better on verbal and written tests
• Men score better on math, mental rotation of
  objects (spatial relationships), and mechanical
  reasoning

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9. Biological explanation

• Women use both sides of their brains to process
  language

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10. Theorize both natures and nurtures
explanation for gender differences in math
abilities.

• Nature Brain structures and processing
• Nurture Encouragement (or discouragement) in
  school and in families different toys (blocks,
  Legos, etc.) social roles