Biological%20Chemistry

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Biological Chemistry

• -- Organic anything with carbon
• vs.
• -- Inorganic anything NOT containing carbon

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Macromolecules

• Large organic molecules
• Basic Structure

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Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

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Functional Groups

• Clusters of atoms that give a molecule specific
  chemical properties

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Hydroxyl

• -OH

• Form alcohols
• Polar
• Forms H bonds

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Carbonyl

• gtCO

• Form aldehydes (R, H) ketones (R, R)
• Polar

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Carboxyl

• -COOH

• Form carboxylic acids
• Polar
• Acidic
• Releases H in solution

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Amino

• -NH2

• Form amines
• Polar
• Basic

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Sulfhydral

• -SH

• Can interact with another molecule to stabilize
  protein structure

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Phosphate

• -OPO32-

• a.k.a. inorganic phosphate
• Polar
• Acidic
• Can transfer energy between organic molecules

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Methyl

• -CH3

• Nonpolar
• Lowers water-solubility