Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• 10 Chemistry

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Quiz
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Alkanes

• General Formula
• Description
• Combustion
• Reactivity
• Chemical test
• Uses

• CnH2n2
• Saturated
• Burns in Oxygen to form CO2 H20 (CO with low
  O2)
• Low
• None
• Fuels

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The chlorination of methane

• Halogenation is the replacement of one or more
  hydrogens in an organic compound by halogen atoms
• When methane is reacted with chlorine the
  products of the reaction depend on whether there
  is an excess of methane or chlorine
• If there is an excess of methane it form
  chloromethane and hydrogen chloride

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To do

• Write down a word equation for the chlorination
  of methane
• Can you write a chemical equation?
• How about a full balanced chemical equation?

Movie
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Halogenation
With an excess of chlorine a mixture of products
is formed. Chlorine can obviously replace up to 4
of the hydrogen atoms.
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Why halogenation?

• These products are generally used as intermediate
  compound for further synthesis

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Natural Gas and Oil
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Separating the fractions
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Fractional distillation

• Preheated crude oil is pumped into the column
  (340 C)
• The vapour in the crude oil rises due to
  differences in density with different fractions
  condensing in different regions
• The liquid part of the crude oil sinks in the
  column
• The low density fractions are thin and light
  coloured, the high density fractions are
  viscous and dark

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diesel oil
bitumen
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How does it work?

• Components separate due to different boiling
  points
• Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
• Molecules are chemically bonded with strong
  covalent bonds but contain different numbers of
  carbon atoms

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Go on

• The weak attractive forces between the molecules
  have to be broken if the hydrocarbon is to boil
• The longer the hydrocarbon molecule is, the
  stronger the intermolecular forces are
• The shorter chains are more volatile they form
  a vapour

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Boiling
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Volatility

• We can smell petrol (gasoline) much easier than
  we can smell engine oil
• This is because petrol has 5-10 carbon atoms and
  engine oil has 14-20 carbons atoms

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Combustion
combustion
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Viscosity
Viscosity
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Homework

• Go to http//www.rsc-oilstrike.org/preloader.swf
• Play the game
• Take a screen shot (print screen) or use the
  snipping tool to take an A4 image
• Print this out and stick it in
• Winner (most money) gets a get out of homework
  free card

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Incomplete Combustion