Chapter 18 Section 1

1
Chapter 18 Section 1

• Origins of the Cold War

2
Former Allies Crash

• Problems building between the US and SU before
  and during WWII

3
Former Allies Crash

• Soviet Communism
• State controlled all property
• All economic activity
• Totalitarian Communist Party allowed no
  opposition party

4
Former Allies Crash

• The United States
• Capitalist system
• Private citizens controlled almost all property
  and economic activity

5
Former Allies Crash

• US furious at Stalin-Signed nonaggression pact
  with Hitler in 1939

6
Truman Becomes President

• Key American figure in early part of the Cold War
• Became President when FDR died
• 82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice

7
Truman Becomes President

• FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters

8
Truman Becomes President

• With the war ending Truman would have to
• Make difficult military decisions

9
Potsdam Conference

• Trumans 1st meeting with other major world
  leaders-Potsdam, July 1945

10
Potsdam Conference

• Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections
  in Poland, but they banned democratic parties

11
Potsdam Conference

• Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused

12
Tension Mounts

• Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman
  that American and Soviet goals were at odds

13
Tension Mounts

• Americans and British opposed Soviet demands

14
Tension Mounts

• At odds over Eastern Europe
• US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade

15
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe

• Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe

16
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe

• Stalin propped up communist governments in
  Eastern European nations
• The Satellite Nations-

17
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe

• Stalin seized the industry of these nations to
  rebuild the Soviet Union

18
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment

• US institutes a policy of Containment towards the
  Soviet Union

19
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment

• Containment Policy worked by
• Creating alliances
• Supporting weaker nations

20
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment

• March 1946 Churchill gives his Iron Curtain
  speech

21
Cold War in Europe

• Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe
  led to the Cold War

 
22
Cold War in Europe

• During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union
  tried to spread their economic and political
  influence wherever they could
• Eventually spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin
  America

23
The Truman Doctrine

• US 1st tried to contain communism in Greece and
  Turkey

24
The Truman Doctrine

• US spent 400 million to help Greece and Turkey
• Truman Doctrine-

25
Marshall Plan

• After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos

26
Marshall Plan

• 1946-47-harsh winter
• Food shortages
• Fuel shortages

27
Marshall Plan

• June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall
  proposed that the US help

28
Marshall Plan

• Congress debated plan for several months
• Then

29
Marshall Plan

• Invasions showed the need for congress to move
  quickly and help create strong, stable
  governments in Europe

30
Marshall Plan

• The Plan was a success
• By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing

31
Superpowers Struggle Over Germany

• Europe starts to get back on its feet
• Western allies and Soviets arguing over German
  reunification

32
Berlin Airlift

• 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation
• Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage

33
Berlin Airlift

• Soviets cut off all access to Berlin
• No supplies could get in

34
Berlin Airlift

• Americans and British started the Berlin
  Airlift-fly food and supplies to West Berlin

35
Berlin Airlift

• 277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons
  of supplies
• West Berlin survived

36
Berlin Airlift

• May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the
  Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at
  Bonn

• East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic
  with its capital in East Berlin

37
NATO

• Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression

38
NATO

• NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• An attack on one regarded as an attack on all