IMPORTANT PEOPLE

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IMPORTANT PEOPLE
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ANWAR SADAT

• Leader of Egypt during 1973 Arab-Israeli War
• Signed Camp David Accords with Menachem Begin in
  1978
• Assassinated by fundamentalist Muslims in 1981

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SADDAM HUSSEIN

• President of Iraq 1979-2003
• Attacked Iran over Shattal-Arab waterway during
  Iran-Iraq War
• Invaded Kuwait 1990 starting Persian Gulf War
• Captured by U.S. then executed 12/06

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OTTO VON BISMARCK

• Unified Germany through blood and iron
• Used militarism and war
• Took Alsace-Lorraine from France

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NAPOLEON


                                                     

• Emperor of France at end of French Revolution
  through coup detat
• Napoleonic Code equality and freedom of
  religion
• Abolished serfdom, reduced power of RCC

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ELIZABETH I

• Leader of England 1558-1603
• Restored religious unity
• Defeated Spanish Armada
• England united, stable, nationalistic

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ADOLF HITLER

• Leader of Nazi party
• Germany is nationalistic, totalitarian (fascist)
  state
• Aggression leads to WWII
• Holocaust

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MIKHAIL GORBACHEV

• Won 1990 Nobel Peace Prize for part in ending
  Cold War
• Perestroika reformed economy
• Glastnost allowed openness
• Many republics declare independence from Soviet
  Union, U.S.S.R. collapses

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LENIN

• Leader of the Bolsheviks during Russian
  Revolution
• Communist, Marxist
• Promised peace, bread, and land
• NEP has elements of capitalism

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PETER THE GREAT

• Westernization of Russia
• Obtained land from Sweden on Baltic Sea
• Built new capital at St. Petersburg

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CATHERINE THE GREAT

• Encouraged Enlightenment ideas
• Autocratic czarina of Russia
• Partitioned Poland
• Obtained warm water port from Ottoman Empire

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STALIN

• Ruler of Soviet Union after Lenin
• Absolute dictator of totalitarian state
• Purges against opponents
• 5 Year Plans for industry
• Collectivization for agriculture

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ADAM SMITH

• Author of Wealth of Nations
• Free market economy, capitalism
• Noninvolvement of govt in econ.
• laissez faire hands off

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JOHN LOCKE

• Author of Two Treatises on Government
• Enlightenment philosopher of 1700s
• Rulers stay in power with consent of governed
• Natural rights life, liberty, property

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KARL MARX

• Author of Communist Manifesto
• Exploitation of workers (proletariat), would lead
  to revolution
• Classless society

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GALILEO

• Scientist who improves telescope, 1600s
• Earth revolves around the sun
• Tried by RCC as heretic

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LOUIS XIV

• Absolute monarch of France c. 1700
• Sun King and Palace of Versailles
• Left France in debt

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MACHIAVELLI

• Author of The Prince in Renaissance Italy
• end justifies the means in ruthless politics

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MARTIN LUTHER

• 95 Theses starts Protestant Reformation
• Protests indulgences, corruption, worldliness of
  RCC
• Ends religious unity in W. Europe

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JOMO KENYATTA

• African independence leader
• Leader of Mau Mau revolt against British
• First president of independent Kenya

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NELSON MANDELA

• Leader of ANC imprisoned for 28 years for actions
  against apartheid
• Winner of Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 with F.W. de
  Klerk
• Elected first black president of South Africa in
  1994

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GANDHI

• Responsible for achieving independence for India
  and Pakistan from Great Britain in 1947
• Used passive resistance, civil disobedience,
  boycotts, Salt March
• Encouraged unity and rights for all religions and
  castes

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HO CHI MINH

• Found of Viet Minh nationalist group
• Leader of Viet Cong (Vietnamese communists) that
  fought South Vietnam (backed by U.S.)

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CHIANG KAI-SHEK

• Leader of Nationalist party in China after Sun
  Yat-sen
• Lost to communists led by Mao
• Forced to retreat to Taiwan

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SUN YAT-SEN

• Led revolt against the Manchu dynasty in China
• Three Principles of the People Nationalism,
  Democracy, Livelihood
• Ends thousands of years of rule by dynasties

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DENG XIAOPING

• Responisibility System allowed some private
  control of land and industry
• Four Modernizations in industry, science,
  agriculture, technology
• Violent crackdown in Tiananmen Square against
  democratic reforms in 1989

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MAO ZEDONG
                                    

• Founder of Chinese communist party
• Little Red Book (propaganda for totalitarian
  state)
• Great Leap Forward, communes
• Cultural Revolution

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EMPEROR MEIJI

• End of shogun system and feudalism
• New education system
• Beginning of industrialization for Japan
• Leads to imperialism for raw materials
• Competition with west

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SIMON BOLIVAR

• The Liberator
• Gained independence for Venezuela, Columbia,
  Ecuador, and Panama from Spain
• Influenced by Enlightenment ideas and French and
  American Revolutions
• Encouraged unified Latin America

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FIDEL CASTRO

• Overthrew Batista government in Cuba
• Aligned with Soviet Union
• Only communist government in western hemisphere

                                     
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TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE
                                     

• Led revolt of African slaves against French for
  Haitis independence
• First Latin American nation to achieve
  independence

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CONFUCIUS

• Chinese philosopher 500 b.c.
• Social order based on 5 relationships
• Valued family, government, education, ethics
• Foundation of Chinese civilization

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SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
                                     

• Founder of Buddhism, the Buddha
• Rejected wealth and meditated on human suffering
• Four Noble Truths
• Noble Eight-Fold Pah to nirvana

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MUHAMMAD
                                       

• Founder of Islam
• Born in Mecca
• Preached faith in Allah, 5 Pillars
• Fled to Medina after persecution (hejira)

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MOTHER TERESA

• Catholic nun, Sisters of Charity
• Helps poor and diseased of India, built hospitals
  and orphanages
• Won Nobel Peace Prize for efforts

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Lech Walesa

• Leader of Polish Solidarity movement, an
  independent trade union
• He was arrested and imprisoned
• International pressure led to his release
• 1989 Free elections Lech Walesa is elected
  President

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Aung San Suu Kyi

• Myanmar formerly Burma
• 1990 the opposition party led by 1991 Noble Prize
  winner Aung San Suu Kyi
• She won election but was put on house arrest
• Freed from house arrest and wins Parliamentary
  election in 2012

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PEOPLE ON EXAM

• RELIGION/PHILOSOPHY Confucius, Jesus, Muhammad,
  Siddhartha Gautama, Luther
• AUTHORS/THINKERS Marx, Locke, Smith, Galileo,
  Machiavelli
• WESTERNIZATION Peter the Great, Emperor Meiji,
  Ataturk, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
• LAW CODES Hammurabi, Justinian, Napoleon

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• LEADERS Pericles, Louis XIV, Elizabeth I,
  Catherine the Great, Akbar the Great, Genghis
  Khan, Napoleon, Otto von Bismarck, Lenin, Hitler,
  Gandhi, Mao, Mandela
• EXPLORERS Zheng he, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta,
  Columbus
• INDEPENDENCE LEADERS/NATIONALISTS Simon
  Bolivar, Toussaint, Sun Yat-sen, Jomo Kenyatta,
  Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh

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CHECK OUT

• Thematic essays on p. 423, 444
• GOOD LUCK!