Byzantine%20Empire

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Byzantine Empire
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Byzantine Empire (395-1453)

• 330 A.D.-- Constantinople becomes the
• capital of the Eastern Roman
• Empire. It was dedicated in May
• of this year

Constantine rebuilds the Greek city of Byzantium
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Constantine I
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Column of ConstantineCemberlitas

• The Burnt Column as it is
• also known as was built to
• honor Constantine in
• 330.
• It stands on top of the second
• hill of Istanbul.
• It was originally higher than it
• is today and was topped by a
• statue of Constantine
• dressed as the sun god.

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Constantinople
Historyonmaps.com
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Geography

• Bosporusa strait, which is a narrow body of
  water
• connecting two larger bodies
  of water

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Constantinople

• A harbor protected on three sides by water
• Quick Quiz
• In reference to Constantinapole where would you
  find these bodies of water?
• ?--Sea of Marmara
• ?--Bosporus, a straight
• ?--Black Sea

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Constantinople

• The city was protected on land with walls for
• defense. These were known as the Theodosian
• Walls

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Constantinople

• Why is Constantinople so important?
• It is an important hub for trade. Silk from
• China, wheat from Egypt and spices from
• southeast Asia.
• It is an International City. It has ancient
  Greek,
• Roman and Christian influences and political
• threats from Islam.

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Constantinople

• Age of Justinian
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vD50IUZPGPqg

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San Vitale at Ravenna in northern Italy
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Justinian

• rose to power in 527 with his
• appointment as co-emperor
• to Justin I, his uncle, who died
• later that same year. He
• remained in power until 565.
• In the religious sphere he
• took a role in shaping church
• policy. He fought to extinguish
• the last vestiges of Greco-
• Roman paganism, to root out
• and to oppose competing
• Christian sects, including the
• Arians and the Monophysites.

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Theodora (500-548)
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Age of Justinian

• Rules from 527-565
• Foreign Policy
• Purpose--Revive ancient Rome by conquering the
  provinces that were overran by invaders.
• Belisariushis general conquers North Africa,
  Italy and southern Spain.

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Age of Justinian

• Government
• Corpus Juris Civilis--body of civil law published
  in December 533
• Justinians Code--used to collect, revise
• and organize all the laws of ancient Rome

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Constantinople

• Architecture
• Hippodrome
• A multi-purpose stadium where chariot races were
  held.

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Constantinople

• Architecture
• Hagia Sophia
• Holy Wisdom
• Church
• Persian dome with a rectangle base

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Constantinople

• Architecture
• Close up view of the Hagia Sophia

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Constantinople

• Architecture
• Interior of the Hagia Sophia
• 15th Century it becomes a mosque.
• Today, it is a museum.

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Great Schism 1054

• INicene Creed
• IIPrimacy, Emperor Vs. Patriarch
• IIIIconoclastic Controversy
• IVLeavened Vs. Unleavened Bread

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Great Schism 1054

• I Nicene Creed

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Great Schism 1054

• INicene Creed
• Developed at the Council of Nicene in 325 as a
• development of the heresy of Arius (Arianism)
• Ariusa priest in Alexandria who believed that
• the Father, Son and Holy Spirit were separate.

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Great Schism 1054

• INicene Creed
• Holy Spirit Holy Spirit
• Father Father Son
• Son
• Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic

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Great Schism 1054

• IIPrimacy, Emperor Vs. Patriarch
• After the fall of Rome in 476 A.D. Constantinople
  was the seat
• of power for the Eastern Roman Empire. The
  patriarch of
• Constantinople had jurisdiction over Alexandria,
  Antioch and
• Jerusalem. Some emperors even claimed to be equal
  in
• authority to the twelve apostles and as such
  claimed to have
• power to appoint the patriarch of
  Constantinople.
• The patriarch served at the emperors pleasure.
  One of the first
• controversies was when Emperor Constantine
  appointed an
• Arian heretic as a patriarch.

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Great Schism 1054

• III Iconoclastic Controversy

Reliquary of the True Cross, late 8th and early
9th Century Byzantine
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Great Schism 1054

• Icon, What is it?
• A sacred image venerated in churches and homes.
• Why is it a problem?

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Great Schism 1054

• The Iconoclastic theologians believed the
• worship of images, or icons was fundamentally
• a pagan belief.
• Products of human hands should not be
• worshipped only Christ and God should be
• the proper objects of veneration.
• Possible Influence
• Islam

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Great Schism 1054

• Emperor Leo III (rules 717-741), he supports
  Iconoclasm, breaking of images.
• Popes Response
• Views it as a threat not only to his authority
  but to church practices. Iconoclasm dies out in
  the 9th century.

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Great Schism 1054

• IV Leavened Vs. Unleavened Bread

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Great Schism 1054

• Greek Rite
• Leavened Bread
• Patriarch Cerularius forces Latin rite (Western
• Christians) in Constantinople to use leavened
• bread.

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Great Schism 1054

• Latin Rite
• Unleavened bread
• Conquering Normans in southern Italy forced
• Greeks to use unleavened bread for their
• eucharist.

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Byzantine Influences in Russia

• The Byzantines had connections to Russia
• via the Dnieper (nee puhr) and Volga Rivers.

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Byzantine Influences in Russia
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Byzantine Influences in Russia

• Cyril and Methodius
• --brothers, they were born in Thessalonica in 827
  and 826 respectively.
• --They were living in a monastery on the Bosporus
  when the Khazars sent to Constantinople for a
  Christian teacher.
• --They both developed an alphabet to translate
  the Gospels and liturgical books into Slavonic.

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Saints Cyril and Methodius
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Saints Cyril and Methodius
Sophia, Bulgaria