KILSYTH ACADEMY

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KILSYTH ACADEMY TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT INTERMEDIATE
2 GRAPHICS KNOWLEDGE AND INTERPRATATION
REVISON BOOKLET
PLANOMETRIC VIEWS
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Knowledge Interpretation
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Building Drawings
Site Plan
A building or construction project requires a
complete set of specialised drawings, called a
project set. These drawings are used by local
planning departments builders, joiners, plumbers
electricians and even water and gas boards. You
need to understand these drawings and be prepared
to answer question about them in your exam.
A site plan (also known as a block plan) shows
the site boundary and the outline of the new
building which are highlighted in the location
plan. Paths, roads and neighbouring plots are
also shown. This type of plan enables the builder
to mark out the site, lay drainage pipes and
build manholes. It is also submitted to the local
government planning department for approval.
Location Plan
The location plan is the first drawing in the
set. It identifies the location of the new
building within its surroundings.
The scale depends on the size of building. For
houses and small buildings a 1200 scale is used.
This type of drawing helps the builder to plan
the layout of a new building scheme and is
required by the local government planning
department.
Building control and planning departments
Drawings for new buildings require approval from
the building control department and the planning
department before construction work can begin.
The building control department checks that the
quality of design and construction meet British
standards. The planning department assesses
whether or not the style and proportions of the
proposed building are appropriate for the
location.
Neighbouring buildings and their boundaries are
shown, as are roads, street names and fields. The
new building and plot are often outlined with
thick black lines and sometimes, but not always,
cross-hatched. The scale of the drawing depends
on the size of the overall building scheme but is
normally 11250.
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Building Drawings
Fixtures, appliances and symbols
Floor Plan
More detailed floor plans show the layout of
kitchen and bathrooms, since these are rooms
which have fixtures and appliances. BSI standard
symbols are used to represent appliances and
other features. The plan below shows some of
these symbols. Look at the bottom of the page to
find out what these symbols are.
A floor plan is a plan view of the house with the
roof and a few layers of brick removed. The floor
plan shows a number of features such as

• Arrangement of rooms
• Position of windows and doors
• Types of walls internally and externally.
• Position of plumbing and electrics such as
  switches, sockets, bath tubs and wash basins.

Floor plans are used by builders, plumbers,
electricians and joiners to help plan the
construction work and to cost the building
materials. The scale used depends on the size of
the building but a typical scale would be 150.
A Sockets B Sink top C Washbasin D Bath E
Switch F Shower tray
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Building Drawings
Elevations
Sectional Views
Elevations are orthographic projections of a
building produced by its architect or designer.
The show the style of the

• A cross section showing a slice through the wall
  gives builders joiners and roofers a good idea of
  how the building should be constructed. Cross
  sectional views can show a number of things
  including
• Construction of eaves of the roof
• The type of materials used
• Windows
• Cavity walls
• Floorboards
• Foundations

building, the external appearance,
the style of the roof and the position of doors
windows etc
Building symbols
The most common building symbols are shown below.
Lamp
Insulation
Brickwork
Switch
The example on the right shows some patterns and
symbols used the list below explains.
Sawn wood
Socket
Concrete
Bath

• A Sawn wood
• B Insulation
• C Brickwork
• D - Foundations

Washbasin
Window
Shower tray
Door
Sink top
Radiator
Sink
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Colour theory
Colour and its different uses is an important
part of graphic design. Colour can even be used
to create moods or feelings.
Harmony and Contrast
When designers are choosing colour schemes for
products or rooms or anything else colours can be
put together in different ways to produce
different effect. A colour scheme can be
harmonious or contrasting. Colour schemes that
are in harmony are easier on the eye and
contrasting colours are often used to make
something stand out more.
Primary colours
Secondary colours
Primary colours are the three colours that are
mixed to create all other colours.
Secondary colours are produced by mixing two
primary colours in equal quantity.
Yellow
Harmony is created by choosing colours that are
close to each other on the colour wheel.
Contrast is created by putting colours together
that are on opposite sides of the colour wheel.
Orange
Green
Blue
Red
Warm colours
Cool colours
Violet
Tertiary colours
Reds, yellows and oranges are warm colours i.e.
they give a feeling of warmth. They are also
known as advancing colours. For example if you
were to paint a room in these colours it would
appear smaller as the walls would appear closer.
Blues, greens and violets are cool colours they
give a feeling of being cold. They also appear
further away and as such are known as receding
colours. If you painted a room in these colours
it would seem bigger and more spacious.
Tertiary colours are made by mixing a primary
colour and a secondary colour.
Colour wheel
The colour wheel is designed to show how
different colours are created.
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