Protists, Fungus and Plants

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Protists, Fungus and Plants
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Kingdom Protista

• All Eukaryotic (Have a nucleus)
• Most are Unicellular, some multicellular
• Classified based on MOVEMENT
• Either Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
• Some have cilia and others have a flagella (used
  for movement).

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Animal-Like Protists

• Classified by the way they move!! Use either
  Cilia or Flagella's

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ZooflagellateTrichonymphia

• Lives in digestive system of termites
• Manufactures cellulase that makes it possible for
  termites to digest wood
• Mutualistic Relationship with termites, both
  BENEFIT!

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Phylum Sarcodina (Sarcodines)

• Move and feed by cytoplasmic extensions called
  pseudopods
• Heterotrophic, some parasitic
• Ex Amoebas

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Phylum Ciliophora (Ciliates)

• Have short hair-like projections called cilia
  that are used for movement and feeding
• Heterotrophic, some parasitic

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Plant-Like Protists(aka Algae)

• (Commonly called Algae)
• Contain chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis

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Kingdom Fungus

• Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus), are heterotrophs
  and they have cell walls but they do NOT have
  chloroplasts.

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How Fungi Eat

• Fungus do not have mouths so they ABSORB food.
• They are decomposers-Many fungi feed on decaying
  organisms.

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Groups of Fungi

• Common Molds- these include black bread mold
• Sac Fungi- largest group, include yeast, mildew
  and truffles. Yeast is used for baking and to
  brew beer.

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Groups of Fungi

• Club Fungi- includes mushrooms and puffballs
• Imperfect Fungi- this fungus helps make
  PENICILLIN, an antibiotic used to treat some
  bacteria infections.

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Lichens

• Are organisms that are made up of BOTH fungus and
  a green algae.
• Algae provide the fungus with energy, the fungus
  provides the algae with water and minerals. They
  share a mutualistic relationship, where both
  benefit.

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Kingdom Plant

• Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and
  chloroplast.
• They are autotrophs and make their food through
  photosynthesis.

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What a Plant needs to Survive

• Sunlight, water, minerals, gas exchange,
  transport of water and nutrients throughout the
  plant body. (stem, leaves, roots)
• 1st evolved plant evolved from an organism like
  Green Algae.

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Fill in Cladogram on Notes,
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Groups of Plants

• Bryophytes- depend on water for reproduction,
  lack vascular tissue, draw up water through
  osmosis Examples Mosses
• Seedless Vascular Plants- can move fluids through
  the plant body against gravity using xylem
  (brings water up) and phloem(sends nutrients to
  the leaves) ex Ferns

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Groups of Plants

• Gymnosperms- reproduce with seeds that are
  exposed, means naked seed. ExConifers
• Angiosperms- have seed too, but they have flowers
  or fruits that holds the seeds. Ex Roses
• Flowers attract insects to help pollinate the
  plant and to help spread seeds to others plants.
• Fruit- is the ovary of the plant/tree that
  protects the seeds.

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Root Types (anchors plants)

• Taproot- long and thick with secondary small
  roots.

• Fibrous Root- no single root

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Leaf Function

• System that specializes in Photosynthesis (making
  food from sunlight), Transpiration (loss of
  water) and Gas Exchange (taking in carbon dioxide
  and releasing oxygen.
• Plants keep their Stoma open just enough to allow
  photosynthesis but not enough to lose excessive
  amounts of water. A lot of times they close at
  night or even close under really hot and dry
  conditions.

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Stem Function

• Support for and the elevation of leaves, flowers
  and fruits.
• The stems keep the leaves in the light and
  provide a place for the plant to keep its flowers
  and fruits.
• Transport of fluids between the roots and the
  leaves using the xylem and phloem inside the
  stem.
• Storage of nutrients