Title: ???) ??? ????? Specific weight):
1?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??
2???) ??? ????? Specific weight)
- ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? Kg/m3
- ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????
- ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ???
- ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ????
3????? ???? ?? ??? ?????
- ) ????? ???? ?????
- 2) ???? ?????
- 3) ???? (Pressure)
4???? ?????
- ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????
??? ?????(??????? ?? ????) ????? ??? ?????(?? ????)
1/00000 0
1/00085 1
1/00169 2
1/00251 3
1/00818 14
1/02822 35
5?????....
- ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
- ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
- ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????
6???? ?????
- ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
7????? ??? ?????
- ????? ??? ????? ?? (Anomaly) ? ??? ??
- 1) ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??
?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. - 2) ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
- 3) ?????? ????? ?? (?? ??? ?? ???? ????) ?? ????
3/98 c ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? - 4) ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? (???
????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
????????? )
8?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????
??? ????? (??????? ?? ??? ????) ???? ????? (Cº)
60/918 ?? ??? ????
87/999 ?? ??? ????
00/1000 4
99/999 5
73/999 10
13/999 15
23/998 20
07/997 25
63/995 30
06/994 35
9?) ??????? ? ????? ???? (???????)(Cohesion and
Adhesion)
- ????? ? ?????
- ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????
- ?????? ???? ?????
- ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
??? ???? - . ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
????? - ?? ????? ???? ????? (Osmoregulation)
10(No Transcript)
11?) ??? ???? (Surface tension)
- ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???
- (???? ??? ???? Dyne/cm)
12????? ???? ?? ??? ????
- ???? ?????
- ??? ???? ????? (??????? ??? ? ?? ?????)
- ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ????
13????? (Viscosity)
- ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? Poise
- ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????
14???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
100 771/1 787/1 0
8/84 561/1 561/1 5
7/78 304/1 306/1 10
7/63 139/1 318/1 15
56 004/1 002/1 20
8/49 892/0 890/0 25
7/44 801/0 798/0 30
3/40 723/0 719/0 35
15?) ????? ???????? (Kinematic viscosity)
- ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
- ???? ????? ??????? or (gr/cm2 / gr/cm3 cm2 /
s) - 1 Stock 1 cm2 /s
16????? ???? ? ?????
- ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???
- ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ????
- ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????? ???? - ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????
??????? ??? ???? - ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????
?????
17?) ???? ????? (Osmotic pressure)
- ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????
- ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??
??????? ???? Osmometer ??????? - ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? Osmoregulation
18?) ??? ?? ?? (Sound in water)
- ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????
??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? - ???? ??? ?? ??? 334 ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???
1500-1400 ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? 5100 ??? ??
????? - ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?
????? ????? ?????? ????? - ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????
??
19(No Transcript)
20?) ???????? ?????? ?? (Thermal properties of
water)
- )????? ???? ?? (Specific heat)
- 2)????? ???? ??? (Latent heat of fusion)
- 3)????? ???? ????? (Latent heat of evaporation)
- 4)?????? ????? ?????? (Thermal conductivity)
21) ????? ???? ?? (Specific heat)
- ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??
???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? 15
???? ???? - ????? ???? ????? ?? ???
- ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???????????? ???
- ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????
-
22??????? ????? ????
- ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ???
?Thermal capacity ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
? ???? Sensible heat of ice A B Latent
heat of fusion of ice C Sensible heat of
water D Latent heat of vaporization of
water E Sensible heat of steam
232) ????? ???? ????? (Latent heat of evaporation)
- ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??
???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???
????? ???? ?????. - ????? Kcal 539 ????? ?? Kg??
243) ????? ???? ??? (Latent heat of fusion)
- ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ? ????? ??
?? ???? ????. - ??? ??? ???? ?? 7/79 ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???
??
????? ?? (Sublimation) ????? ??? ?? ????
?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? 679 ????? ????? ??
??? ??
25(No Transcript)
26-3) ????? ???? (Surface evaporation)
- ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. - ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????.
- ????? ???? ?? ????? ????
- 1- ??? ????
- 2- ???? ????
- 3- ???? ???? ?? ??? ????
- 4- ????? ???? ????
- 5- ???? ????? ???
27?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??
???? ????? (????) 0 20 100
????? ????? ????? (????? ?? ???) 595 585 539
284) ?????? ????? ?????? ?? (Thermal conductivity)
- ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??
????? 111 ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????
???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????
????? ??? . ???? Cal/cm.s.c - ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
- 1- ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
- 2- ?????? ?? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
(Heat pump)
29?) ???? ?? ??????? ?? (Dielectric constant)
- ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????
??????????? - ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????.
- ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????
30???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??
????? (????) ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????
?????? ????? ?????? (Cal/cm.s.c) -
????? ????? ???? (Cal/gr) - -
????? ???? ?????(Cal/gr) ?? ????? - ?? ?????
???? ?????? (oC) - ....... ?? ?????
???? ??? (oC) .......
???? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? (oC) - ....... .......
????? (Poise) - ?? ?????
??? ???? (dyne/cm) - ?? ?????
??? ????? (Kg/m3) -