Cartilage and Bone

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Cartilage and Bone

• VIBS 443/602

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OBJECTIVES

• GENERAL ORGANIZATION
• MECHANISM OF GROWTH
• CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLS

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CELLS OF CT

• FIBROBLASTS
• MESENCHYMAL
• CELLS and RBC
• ADIPOSE CELLS
• MACROPHAGE
• PLASMA CELLS
• MAST CELLS and WBC
• CHONDROBLASTS
• CHONDROCYTES
• OSTEOBLASTS
• OSTEOCYTES
• OSTEOCLASTS

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TYPES OF CARTILAGE
HYALINE CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE

• FIBROCARTILAGE

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primary spongiosa of the Fetal finger
220
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Fetal elbow
194
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Fetal elbow
194
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Tibia, fetal
421
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Trachea, monkey
133
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Appositional growth of cartilage

• EM 11 cartilage
• Chondrocyte
• Fibroblast
• Appositional growth region
• Type I collagen
• Type II collagen

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interstitial growth of cartilage

• EM 13 cartilage interstitial growth of
  chondrocytes
• 2 daughter chondrocytes resulting from
  interstitial growth
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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HYALINE CARTILAGE

• EPIPHYSEAL PLATE, RESPONSIBLE FOR LONGITUDINAL
  GROWTH OF LONG BONES

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cartilage growth in endochondral bone
formation of the Fetal finger
220
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OSTEOBLAST
OSTEOCLAST
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OSTEOCLAST
OSTEOBLAST
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Elastic cartilage in pina of ear 19762
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
epithelium
epithelium
Elastic cartilage
Elastic cartilage
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FIBROCARTILAGE

• INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE
  TISSUE AND HYALINE CARTILAGE
• NO PERICHONDRIUM

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Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
194
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage
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Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
194
Fibrocartilage
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Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
194
Fibrocartilage
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Fetal finger fibroblasts in tendon
220
Tendon
Fibrocartilage
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endochondral bone formation
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CELLS OF BONE

• OSTEOBLASTS - SECRETE OSTEOID - BONE
• EXPAND BONE BY APPOSITIONAL GROWTH
• OSTEOCYTE
• OSTEOBLAST
• TRAPPED IN
• MATRIX OF
• BONE

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APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

• EM 12 osteoblast adjacent to osteoid bone RER
  and Golgi
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi
• Osteoid
• Nucleus of osteoblast

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CELLS OF BONE
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FUNCTIONS OF BONE

• CALCIUM REGULATION
• Parathroid hormone (BONE RESORPTION)
• Calcitonin (PREVENTS RESORPTION)
• These HORMONES are INVOLVED IN TIGHT REGULATION
  as
• 1/4 OF FREE CA IN BLOOD IS EXCHANGED EACH
  MINUTE.
• HEMOPOIESIS

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COMPACT BONE

• HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS - LAMELLAE OF BONE AROUND
  HAVERSIAN CANAL LINKED BY VOLKMANNS CANAL

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COMPACT BONE

• REMODELING

Over time
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COMPACT BONE

• REMODELING

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• Slide 121 compact bone (unstained ground bone)
• Blood vessel
• Haversian canal
• Interstitial system
• Lacuna

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Bone (unstained)
425
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Bone (unstained)
425
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Bone, rabbit femur
121
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Bone, rabbit femur
121
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Bone, rabbit femur
121
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Tibia, fetal
421
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Osteoblasts in the Fetal jaw
195
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Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in Fetal
jaw
195
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteoblasts
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Rib
420
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How many Osteoclasts of Fetal finger can you
spot?
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Osteoclasts
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ENDOCHONDRAL (SPONGY/ CANCELLOUS) BONE FORMATION

• CARTILAGE MODEL
• CENTERS OF OSSIFICATION
• PRIMARY CENTER OF OSSIFICATION
• DIAPHYSIS
• SECOND CENTER OF OSSIFICATION
• CENTER OF EACH EPIPHYSIS

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cartilage growth in endochondral bone formation
of the Fetal finger
220
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Articular surfaces of hyaline cartilage of the
Fetal elbow
194
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HISTOGENESIS OF BONE

• INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
• FLAT BONES
• OF SKULL

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SKELETAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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420
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420
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420
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420
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420
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32583
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32583
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32583
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32583
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32583
Polychromatic normoblast
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32583
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32583