PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY

1
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY

• ORGANISMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS

2
OBJECTIVES

• EXPLAIN THE DIFFFERENCE BETWEEN ABIOTIC FACTORS
  AND BIOTIC FACTORS
• DESCRIBE LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN AN ORGANISMS HABITAT AND
  NICHE

3
August 29, 2011 BELL RINGER

• What are the steps in the Scientific Method.

4
August 30, 2011

• Define the term organism
• Define the term niche
• Define the term biosphere

5
Milestones in Ecology

• Ecology-
• Timeline on page 32-33- conservation of
  Yellowstone to Wangari Maathai.
• Biosphere-
• Biotic Factors-
• Abiotic Factors-
• Compare and contrast abiotic and biotic factors

6
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• Organism
• Population
• Biological community
• Ecosystem
• Biome
• Biosphere
• Refer to figure 2.6 as you read.

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ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS

• Interactions between an organism and its
  ecosystem.
• Habitat
• Niche
• Compare and contrast a habitat and a niche.

8
COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS

• COMPETITION
• PREDATION
• SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
• Symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

9
Section 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem

• Autotrophs capture energy, making it available or
  all members of a food web.
• Autotrophs
• Heterotrophs herbivore, carnivore, omnivore,
  detritivore.

10
MODELS OF ENERGY FLOW

• TROPHIC LEVEL-
• Food chains-producer?heterotroph?consumer
• Food webs-producer? 1st consumer ?2nd consumer
  ?3rd consumer

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Ecological Pyramids

• BIOMASS--
• PYRAMID OF ENERGY-10 RULE
• PYRAMID OF BIOMASS-
• PYRAMID OF NUMBERS-

12
CYCLING OF MATTER

• CYCLES IN THE BIOSPHERE
• Matter-
• Nutrient-
• Biogeochemical cycle-
• Explain why it is important to living organisms
  the nutrients cycle.

13
WATER CYCLE

• USE FIGURE 2.17 TO TRACE PROCESSES THAT CYCLE
  WATER.
• Identify three processes in the water cycle.
• What is a hydrologists?

14
THE CARBON AND OXYGEN CYCLE

• How does carbon move from the abiotic to the
  biotic parts of the ecosystem?

15
THE NITROGEN CYCLE

• NITROGEN FIXATION-
• ELECTRICAL STORMS-
• PLANTS ABSORBS FROM SOIL-
• DENITRIFICATION-

16
THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE

• Phosphorus essential element for the growth and
  development of organisms.
• Two cycles-one is short term- and long term
• Found in small amounts in soil
• May limits the growth of producers.
• Who are the producers.

17
Construct a simple food web

• Food web must have at least 5 organisms listed.
• Page 55-complete the document-based questions
  numbers 40 and 41