TERRORISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

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TERRORISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST
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Meaning History

• There are many definitions of terrorism hard to
  reach a consensus.
• This matters for policy makers, citizens, and the
  international community.
• From the 1960s until the late 1980s, the main
  motives for terrorism were political.
• The nature of terrorism changed overtime with
  more internationalization, the emergence of
  religious factors in the 1990s, and the growing
  acceptance of suicide.

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An Alarming Trend

• 1968-2006

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Where Its Happening
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How Big Is The Problem?
Stats from 2005
Country Incidents Injuries Fatalities
Afghanistan 207 328 298
India 272 1051 398
Iraq 2336 9399 6234
Nepal 100 104 33
Pakistan 163 398 160
Russia 102 113 51
West Bank/Gaza 479 302 74
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Economic Costs
Country Reduce Incidents per year from Gain in GDP (In millions - US)
Egypt 5 to 4 221
India 5 to 4 1,132
France 18 to 17 1,161
Colombia 13 to 12 87
US 3 to 2 40,626
United Kingdom 18 to 17 828
World To ZERO for the year 3,600,000
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Political Costs

• Tensions between the West and the Muslim world
• Human rights concerns
• Weakening of transparency, accountability, and
  democratic rules
• Ex. Patriot Act places limits on freedom
• Strengthening of authoritarian regimes

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Short-Term Solutions

• Containment w/ control measures both here
  abroad
• Involve police, intelligence, military
• Reduce tension between countries
• Open debate w/ experts
• Transparency accountability within our own govt

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Medium Long-Term Solutions

• Prevention
• Improve information gathering analysis
• More diplomacy foreign aid
• Better coordination cooperation within the
  international community
• Involve other countries in our dealings with Iraq
  Afghanistan
• UN should have more involvement
• Negotiate with and offer amnesty to some
  terrorists?

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Who Can Make a Difference?