Perception

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Perception

• The process of organizing and interpreting
  information, enabling us to recognize meaningful
  objects and events.

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Perception

• Visual Capture Our vision tends to dominate all
  of our other senses in terms of perception

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Perceptual Organization

• Gestalt an organized whole (ways of grouping)
• Gestalt psychologists emphasize humans
  tendencies to integrate pieces of information
  into meaningful wholes.
• Things are not seen as sum of parts but
  immediately as wholes.

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Gestalt Principle Mind Always Wants to Make
Stimuli Meaningful.

• The fact that you can read this sentence
• it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a
  wrod are, the olny iprometnt tihng is taht the
  frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae
• illustrates gestalt principles are at work to
  make things a meaningful whole.

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Proximity tendency to group nearby figures
together
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Similarity tendency to group figures that are
similar

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Continuity tendency to perceive continuous
patterns
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Closure tendency to fill in the gaps in visual
information.

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Connectedness spots, lines and areas are seen
as a unit when connected
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Perceptual Organization

• Figure-Ground Relationship tendency to organize
  information into objects (figure) that stand out
  from their background(ground)

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Depth Perception

• Depth Perception the ability to see objects in
  three dimensions. Allows us to gauge distance.
• Visual Cliff illustrated that crawling infants
  and newborns perceive depth.

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Types of Depth Perception

• Binocular Cues depth cues that rely on the use
  of two eyes.
• Examples of Binocular Cues
• Retinal Disparity idea that images of an object
  from the two eyes differ. The closer the object,
  the larger the difference (disparity.)
• Convergence extent to which the eyes converge
  inward when looking at an object that brain keeps
  track of to measure distance.

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Types of Depth Perception

• Monocular Cues distance cues that are available
  to either eye alone. Often used in art.
• Examples of Monocular Cues
• Relative size smaller image is more distant
• Interposition closer object blocks distant
  object
• Relative Clarity hazy object seen as more
  distant
• Texture coarseclose finedistant

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Types of Depth Perception

• Examples of Monocular Cues Continued
• Relative Height higher objects seen as more
  distant
• Relative Motion closer objects seem to move
  faster
• Linear Perspective parallel lines converge with
  distance
• Relative Brightness closer objects appear
  brighter
• Light and Shadow nearby objects reflect more
  light to our eyes.

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Relative height
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Relative size
Relative brightness
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Real Quick Phi Phenomenon

• Motion Perception Illusion of Movement with
  Blinking Lights

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Perceptual Constancy

• Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as
  unchanging despite changes in retinal image
• shape
• size

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Interplay Between Perceived Size and Distance

• Using monocular cues for distance can often cause
  us to perceive incorrect information.

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Muller-Lyer Illusion Involves Misperception of
Line Segments
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Sensory Deprivation and Perception

• Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal
  lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal
  bars.
• Remember that sensory deprivation affects infants
  worse than older animals and humans.

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Perceptual Adaptation

• Perceptual Adaptation
• (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially
  displaced visual field
• prism glasses

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Perceptual Set the power of expectancy

• Perceptual Set
• A situation where a person is predisposed (more
  likely) to perceive one thing over another.

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Is there Extrasensory Perception?

• Extrasensory Perception claim that perception
  can occur apart from sensory input.
• Telepathy
• Clairvoyance
• Precognition
• Parapsychology study of paranormal phenomenon,
  including ESP and psychokinesis.

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Ponzo Illusion