Infectious Diseases

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Infectious Diseases
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What is an infectious disease?

• Infection in one person can be transmitted to
  others

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Causes of re-emerging of the problem of the
infectious diseases
Infectious Diseases

1. Loss of Antibiotic Effectiveness
2. Increased Population Density
3. Travel
4. Global Warming
5. Complacency and Ignorance

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Microbiological Classification of Infectious
Diseases
Bacterial Gram-negative Gram-positive
Viral DNA virus RNA virus Enveloped vs non-enveloped
Fungal Disseminated Localized
Parasitic Protozoa Helminths
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Means of Transmission of Infectious Diseases
Contact Requires direct or indirect contact (vomit, blood, or body fluid)
Food or Water Ingestion of contaminated food or water
Airborne Inhalation of contaminated air
Vector-borne Dependent on biology of vector as well as infectivity of organism
Perinatal Sexual Similar to contact infection, however, the contact may occur in utero or during delivery. transmission by sexual intercourse.
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Epidemiological Triangle
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Bacterial Diseases

• Tuberculosis
• Scarlet Fever
• Tetanus
• Gonorrhea
• Diptheria
• Streptococcal Infections
• Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
• Bubonic Plague
• There are many others.

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Viral Diseases

• Common Cold
• Influenza
• AIDS/HIV
• Herpes
• Hepatitis A, B, C
• Measles, Mumps and Rubella
• Polio
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Ebola

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Fungal Diseases

• Candidiasis
• Athletes foot
• Jock itch
• Nail fungus
• Ringworm
• Histoplasmosis

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Infectious Disease Simulation
Transmission

• Cases
• Index the first case identified
• Primary the case that brings the infection
  into a population
• Secondary infected by a primary case
• Tertiary infected by a secondary case