Myers: Psychology, Seventh Edition PRS Questions: Chapter 8

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Myers Psychology, Seventh EditionPRS
Questions Chapter 8
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Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the
mere sight of the person who regularly brought
food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this
person was a(n)

1. primary reinforcer.
2. unconditional stimulus.
3. immediate reinforcer.
4. conditioned stimulus.

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People have been observed to form negative
attitudes toward Pokémon characters who were
repeatedly shown with negative words and images
next to them. This best illustrates the impact
of

1. classical conditioning.
2. the law of effect.
3. negative reinforcers.
4. the overjustification effect.

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Long after her conditioned fear of spiders had
been extinguished, Marcy experienced an
unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown
her cousin's new pet tarantula. Her unexpected
nervousness best illustrates

1. latent learning.
2. spontaneous recovery.
3. delayed reinforcement.
4. the overjustification effect.

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Airline frequent flyer programs that reward
customers with a free flight after every 25,000
miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________
schedule of reinforcement.

1. fixed-interval
2. variable-interval
3. fixed-ratio
4. variable-ratio

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For some children who bite themselves or bang
their heads, squirting water into their faces
when they hurt themselves has been observed to
decrease the frequency of these self-abusive
behaviors.
(Continued on next slide)
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This best illustrates the potential value of
(Continued from previous slide)

1. latent learning.
2. conditioned reinforcers.
3. negative reinforcers.
4. punishment.

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If you get violently ill a couple of hours after
eating contaminated food, you will probably
develop an aversion to the taste of that food but
not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate
or to the sound of the music you heard there.
(Continued on next slide)
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This best illustrates that associative learning
is constrained by
(Continued from previous slide)

1. intrinsic motivation.
2. spontaneous recovery.
3. biological predispositions.
4. conditioned reinforcers.

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Critical Thinking Questions
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Martin likes to shower in the mens locker room
after working out. During a shower he hears a
toilet flushing nearby. Suddenly boiling hot
water comes out of the showerhead, causing Martin
serious discomfort. Later on in the shower, he
hears another toilet flush and he immediately
jumps out from under the showerhead.
(Continued on next slide)
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In this scenario, what is the unconditioned
response (UCR)?
(Continued from previous slide)

1. Jumping out of the shower
2. Sound of the toilet flushing
3. Pain avoidance
4. Boiling hot water

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A child is sent to his room with no supper
because he presented a bad report card to his
parents. The parents intent was to

1. punish poor academic performance.
2. negatively reinforce poor academic performance.
3. extinguish poor academic performance.
4. partially reinforce poor academic performance.

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Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become
tainted from being in the sun too long. Not long
after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated
and felt awful. After that, even the sight of a
tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated.
(Continued on next slide)
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In this scenario what is the conditioned response
(CR)?
(Continued from previous slide)

1. Tuna
2. Nausea
3. Mayonnaise
4. Sight of any sandwich