The Cell Chapters 6,7,11

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The CellChapters 6,7,1112
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Features of all cells

• Plasma membrane
• Transport proteins
• Receptor proteins
• Markers
• Nucleoid or nucleus
• Cytoplasm

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Cell size
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Cell type
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Eukaryotes

• Plasma membrane
• Nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi bodies
• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Cytoskeleton
• Centrioles
• Peroxisomes

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Plant cells
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Endosymbiosis

• Eukaryotic organelles evolved
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts

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Cell membrane

• Plasma membrane
• Phospholipids
• Transmembrane proteins
• Interior protein network
• Cell surface markers

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Cell membrane
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Cell membrane
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Proteins
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Movement across membrane

• 1. Passive transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion (carriers)
• 2. Bulk transport
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
• 3. 3. Active transport
• Requires energy
• Na-K pump

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Solutions

• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic
• Isotonic
• Hyperosmotic
• Hypoosmotic
• Isosmotic
• Osmoregulation is the control of water balance

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Cell communication

• Types of cell signaling
• 1. Direct contact
• 2. Paracrine
• Short lived signals
• Chemicals extracellular fluid
• 3. Endocrine
• blood stream
• hormones
• 4. Synaptic
• Neurotransmitters

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Intracellular response

• Second messengers
• Relay messages from receptor to target cells
• Two examples
• Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Calcium ions

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