Tenses Vs Modal Auxiliaries

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Tenses Vs Modal Auxiliaries

• Mohammad Tahir Ali Khan

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DEFINITION OF TENSES

• A tense is a form of averb and it indicatesthe
  time of an action

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GRAMMETICAL STRUCTURE OF TENSES
Simple Forms Progressive Forms Perfect Forms Perfect Progressive Forms
Present A/V base form H/V do/does S/v is/am/are or has/have A/V present participle H/V is/am/are S/v N/A A/V past participle H/V has/have S/v been or had A/V present participle H/V has been have been S /v N/A
Past A/V Past form H/V did S/v was/were or had A/V present participle H/V was/were S/v N/A A/V past participle H/V had S/v been or had A/V present participle H/V had been S /v N/A
Future A/V base form H/V will S/v be or have A/V present participle H/V will S/v N/A A/V past participle H/V will S/v been or had N/A
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PRESENT TENSES

• DEFINITION -
• A verb used to show that an action takes place at
  present is said to be in the PRESENT TENSES

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PRESENT TENSES

• PRESENT INDEFINATE
• PRESENT CONTINOUS
• PRESENT PERFECT
• PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

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• PRESENT
• INDEFINITE
• TENSE

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USES

• Every day activities
• Repeated Action
• News Paper Headlines
• Past Short Stories
• Feelings, Thoughts, believes
• Habitual Action
• Permanent Situation
• Present Constant State etc

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EVERY DAY ACTIVITIES

• EXAMPLES
• I take break fast 8 oclock.
• I go to school

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REPEATED ACTION

• EXAMPLES
• We play table tennis every Thursday.
• I watch television most weekand.

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NEWS PAPER HEADLINES

• EXAMPLES
• Pakistan win final.
• Bomb blast in Abdullah shah ghazi.

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PAST SHORT STORIES

• EXAMPLES
• India attack Pakistan in 1956.
• I visit zoo last time in 2005.

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FEELINGS, THOUTHGHTS, BELIEVE

• EXAMPLES
• Mathews love sports.
• I hate quiz programs.

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HABITUAL ACTION

• EXAMPLES
• I run slowly.
• He walk early in the morning.

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PERMANENT SITUATION

• EXAMPLES
• The sun rise in the east.
• Computer invention is wonder of modern science.

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PRESENT CONSTANT STATE etc

• EXAMPLES
• The flat is clean.
• That man is idiot.

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PRESENT CONTINOUS

• DEFINATION

If the verb shows an actionThat is going on in
the presentTime then it is a continuoustense
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USES

• PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION
• PRESENT GOING ON ACTION
• MIDDLE OF AN ACTION
• DECIDED FUTURE

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PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION

• EXAMPLES
• I am doing an interior designing course.
• Ali doing his air force training.

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PRESENT GOING ON ACTION

• EXAMPLE
• She is writing on the blackboard
• We trying to understanding functional english.

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MIDDLE OF AN ACTION

• EXAMPLES
• I am stilled writing my home work.

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DECIDED FUTURE

• EXAMPLES
• I am going university tomorrow.
• Ali going America next week.

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• DEFINATION
• If the verb denotes an actionWhich has been
  completed then itIs a present tense

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USES

• EXAMPLES
• She has broken her bicycle
• The flights have not taken off
• Has she finished her homework?

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

• DEFINATION
• Present perfect continuous is used for indicate
  complete action

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• EXAMPLES
• It has been raining for two hours.
• Have they been talking since meeting ended?
• She has not been working As a designer for 3
  years .

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• PAST
• TENSE

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PAST TENSE

• A verb used to show that an action was completed
  in the past is said to be in the past tense

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PAST TENSES

• PAST INDEFINATE
• PAST CONTINOUS
• PAST PERFECT
• PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

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PAST INDEFINATE

• EXAMPLES
• Yesterday I saw santa in my dream
• Ram didnt go to school because he was sick

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PAST CONTINOUS

• EXAMPLES

• I was talking to my friend on telephone the thief
  stole the jewellery .

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PAST PERFECT

• EXAMPLES
• He had got the batch neat kid of the week
  yesterday .
• The train had not left the station before I
  reached there .
• Had the teacher finished writing before the
  principle came.

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PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

• EXAMPLES
• This painter had been painting the pictures for
  last two years .
• This singer had not been learning music
• For last one year .
• Had this man is learning weightlifting For last
  six years.

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• FUTURE
• TENSE

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FUTURE TENSE

• If the verb expresses an action that will be done
  in the Future ,then it is a future tense .

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FUTURE TENSE

• FUTURE INDEFINATE
• FUTURE CONTINOUS
• FUTURE PERFECT

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FUTURE INDEFINATE

• EXAMPLES
• One day ,I will be the rock star .
• We will meet soon .
• Will I be on the top of the world .

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FUTURE CONTINUOUS

• EXAMPLES
• Ram will be going to his home .
• Mohan will not be reading, he will be playing .
• Will teacher be teaching in the class?

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FUTURE PREFECT

• EXAMPLES
• Meow will have eaten the bird .
• Sohan will not have finished his homework before
  mira comes.
• Will I have finished my song till 9 o clock?

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Modal Auxiliaries

• Definition of MODAL AUXILIARY
• an auxiliary verb (as can, must, might, may)
  that is characteristically used with a verb of
  predication and expresses a modal modification
  and that in English differs formally from other
  verbs in lacking -s and - ing forms
• First Known Use of MODAL AUXILIARY
• circa 1904

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Modal Auxiliaries

• Must
• Should
• Have to

• CAN
• Could
• Be able to
• May
• Might

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STRUCTURE
SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT
Present Subject can base form Past Subject could base form Future Subject will be able to base form Subjectcan be present participle Subject couldbe present participle Subject have/hasbeen able to base form
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CAN

• Use Examples
• ability to do something
• In the present (to be able to) I can speak
  English.
• permission to do something
• In the present (to be allowed to) Can I go to
  the cinema?
• Request Can you wait a moment, please?
• offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
• Suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
• Possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.

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COULD

•  Use Examples
• ability to do something
• In the PAST simple I could walk
  when I was two.
• Permission to do something
• In the Past continues I could
  be going to the movies when I
• I was a teenager.
• polite question Could I go to the cinema,
  please?
• polite request Could you wait a moment, please?
• polite offer I could lend you my car till
  tomorrow.
• polite suggestion Could we visit Grandma at the
  weekend?
• possibility It could get very hot in Montana.

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BE ABLE TO

• Use Examples
• ability to do something
• In the FUTURE simple
• I will be able to walk .
• Permission to do something
  I will be able to
  go cinema for watch movie .

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STRUCTURE
SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT
Present/future Subject may/might base form Past Subject may/might have past participle Subject may/might be present participle Subject may/might havebeen present participle
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MAY

• Use Examples
• Possibility in the present/future. It
  may rain today.
• To do something
• in the past
• (substitute form to be allowed to) I May have
  going to the
• 
  cinema
• polite suggestion I May have been helping
• in the past
  you

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MIGHT

• Possibility It might rain tomorrow
• in the present/future.
• (less possible than MAY)
• In the past (not very common)
• Might I Might have borrow your pen.
• or
• I May have been helping you

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STRUCTURE
SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT
Present/future Subject must/should base form Past Subject must/shouldhavepast prticiple or Subject had to base form
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MUST

• Necessity must
• I must go to the supermarket today.
• Must (strong obligation to do something)
• We must talk about it
• You must have a valid drivers license.
• Strong Possibility (95 sure)
• Youve been driving for 10 hours.
• You must be tired.

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SHOULD

• Advice (its good its a good idea / not good
  to do or bad idea)
• You should
  exercise.
• You shouldnt
  smoke.
• Should ( obligation to do something)
• We should talk about it
• You should have a valid drivers license
• In past She should not have argued in
  the
• last
  class.

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STRUCTURE
SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT
Present Subject have to /has to base form Past Subject had to / base form Future Subject will have to base form Subjectis/am/are having to base form Subjectwas/were having to base form Subject have/has had to / base form Subject had had to / base form
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HAVE TO

• Necessity have to in present simple/future
• I have to go to the supermarket today.
• In present continues
• I am having to go to the supermarket today
• In present perfect
• I have had to go to the supermarket today
• Strong Possibility (95 sure)
• You have to be tired