Essential Question:

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• Essential Question
• In what ways did President Franklin Roosevelts
  New Deal provide relief, recovery, reform
  during the Great Depression?
• Warm-Up Question
• ?

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Hoover the Depression

• From 1929 to 1932, President Hoover was
  criticized for not doing more to end the
  depression
• Unemployment reached 25
• U.S. banking collapsed
• Hoover offered govt intervention (relief check,
  job programs) but it was seen as too little, too
  late
• By the election of 1932, Americans wanted hope
  strong leadership

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Unemployment in America, 1929-1942
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FDR the New Deal

• In 1932, Democrat Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
  defeated Hoover

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Let me assert my firm belief thatthe only thing
we have to fear is fear itself nameless,
unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes
needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.
FDRs inaugural address in 1933 inspired hope
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FDR the New Deal

• FDR initiated his New Deal, a series of laws that
  were designed to fight the depression by
  offering
• Relief govt relief checks jobs to get people
  back to work
• Recovery tried to end the depression by
  stimulating industry farming
• Reform long-term solutions to Americas economic
  problems

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The Hundred Days

• In his 1st 100 days in office, FDR Congress
  passed 15 major laws
• FDRs 1st action was to address the bank crisis
  By 1933, people had no faith in banks
• FDR declared a 4-day bank holiday after which
  banks were allowed to re-open only after gaining
  a govt endorsement

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Banks recovered Americans slowly regained
confidence in banks
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FDRs Fireside Chats
Listen to the first few minutes of FDRs 1st
fireside chat in March 1933 in which he explains
his bank holiday

• FDR used the radio to sell his New Deal programs
  to the American people
• These fireside chats used simple , clear
  language to explain his New Deal programs
  gain publicsupport for these goals

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• In groups, examine the information on 1 New Deal
  program create a fireside chat to explain the
  program to the class
• Draft a fireside chat that identifies the problem
  a brief overview of the plan
• Do not mention the name of your New Deal
  programwe will try to guess it
• When your draft is approved by the Take notes
  during presentations

After the presentations, match the descriptions
of each New Deal initiative found on the back of
your notes with the fireside chat presentations
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New Deal Relief

• The greatest success of the New Deal was its
  ability to offer relief to unemployed citizens
• The govt provided relief checks to 15 of
  Americans
• The govt created jobs for Americans

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Percentage of American Families Accepting
Government Relief in 1933
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New Deal Relief

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work
  program for young men aged 18-25
• The CCC built roads, soil erosion projects,
  parks
• The CCC employed 3 million young men

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CCC workers paved roads, planted trees, built
bridges
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New Deal Reforms

• The New Deal created long-term reforms to address
  weaknesses in the American economy
• Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) was
  created to regulate the stock market prevent
  another stock market crash

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New Deal Reforms

• To help restore public confidence in banks, the
  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was
  created
• The national govt insures money in bank accounts
  (up to 250,000 as of 2006)

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New Deal Reforms

• The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) created
  hydroelectric power plants in the South
• TVA created dams in 7 states to provide cheap
  hydroelectric power create jobs

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New Deal Recovery

• New Deal programs tried to stimulate the economy
  end the depression
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) tried to help
  farmers by paying them not to produce
• By lowering supply, the govt hoped to increase
  crop prices

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Unemployment in America, 1929-1942
The New Deal began in 1933, but by 1935 the Great
Depression had not yet come to an end
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FDRs Critics

• The failure of the New Deal to end the depression
  led to frustration criticism of FDRs programs
• The most vocal critic was Louisiana Senator Huey
  Long
• Longs Share the Wealth plan suggested taxing all
  personal income over 1 million to give each
  family 2,500 per year

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Huey Long
How many men ever went to a barbecue would let
one man take off the table what's intended for
9/10th of the people to eat? The only way you'll
ever be able to feed the balance of the people is
to make that man come back bring back some of
that grub that he ain't got no business with!
then we've got to call Mr. Morgan Mr. Mellon
Mr. Rockefeller back and say Come back here,
put that stuff back on this table here that you
took away from here that you don't need. Leave
something else for the American people to
consume.
Now, how are you going to feed the balance of the
people? What's Morgan Baruch Rockefeller
Mellon going to do with all that grub? They can't
eat it, they can't wear the clothes, they can't
live in the houses.
But when they've got everything on God's loving
earth that they can eat they can wear they
can live in, all that their children can live
in wear eat, all of their children's
children can use,
Huey Long threatened to run as a 3rd Party
candidate but was assassinated in 1935
The Kingfish
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Court Packing

• The Supreme Court declared 2 recovery programs
  unconstitutional
• FDR feared that the Supreme Court would weaken
  the New Deal
• FDRs solution was to ask called court-packing
  He wanted to increase the number of justices from
  9 to 15
• Congress rejected his radical plan

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FDRs Second New Deal

• In 1935, FDR launched the Second New Deal
• The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was the
  biggest New Deal program
• Created 10 million jobs in a variety of
  professions cost the govt 10 billion

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WPA Public Work Project
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WPA Initiatives
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WPA Arts Project
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WPA Music Projects
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WPA Theater Projects
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FDRs Second New Deal

• Social Security was Americas 1st welfare
  program It created
• Old-age pensions to be funded by employers
  workers
• Welfare payments for the blind, handicapped,
  needy children

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FDRs Second New Deal

• The Wagner Act
• Protected workers right to strike collectively
  bargain
• Outlawed unfair practices used by companies to
  discourage union membership

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Conclusions

• FDRs New Deal created a new role for the U.S.
  government
• For the 1st time, the govt used deficit spending
  (going into debt) to stimulate the economy
• For the 1st time, the govt took responsibility
  for the people created welfare programs
• New Deal successfully offered relief to ease
  peoples suffering, but it did not end the
  Depression