North Africa

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North Africa and Southwest Asia
SSWG3 The student will describe the interaction
of physical and human systems that have shaped
contemporary North Africa/Southwest Asia.
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Physical Geography
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Match the Countries!
Kuwait
Bahrain
Lebanon
Qatar
Israel
Turkey
Syria
Tunisia
Cyprus
Afghanistan
Iraq
Iran
Morocco
Algeria
Libya
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
UAE
Oman
Yemen
Jordan
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7
13
4
14
10
9
1
6
5
3
15
16
12
11
8
2
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Answers to Map Practice

• 1. Afghanistan 9. Iraq
• 2. Yemen 10. Lebanon
• 3. Kuwait 11.Qatar
• 4. Syria 12. UAE
• 5. Jordan 13. Cyprus
• 6. Israel 14. Iran
• 7. Turkey 15. Bahrain
• 8. Oman 16. Saudi Arabia

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Label
Sahara Nile River Atlas Mtns. Ahaggar
Mtns. Libyan Desert Blue Nile White Nile Lake
Nasser
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Label
Arabian Peninsula Tigris River Euphrates
River Plateau of Iran Pontic Zargos Mtns. Red
Sea Persian Gulf Black Sea Dead Sea Jordan
River Arabian Sea
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Importance of North Africa and the Middle Easts
Features
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The Mighty Nile RiverLongest River in the
World
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Egypt The Gift of the Nile
Nile Delta
Annual Nile Flooding
95 of the Egyptian people live on 5 of the land!
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The Tigris EuphratesRiver System
Mesopotamia Land Between the Two Rivers aka
the Fertile Crescent
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Sinai Peninsulain between Egypt and Arabian
Peninsula
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Dead Sea Lowest Point on Earth
2,300 feet below sea level
HighestSaltContent(33) 9x saltier than ocean
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Suez Canal

• Links Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea

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Suez Canal
Completed by the British in 1869
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-Most important strait in WORLD b/c only way to
LOTS of OIL

• Strait of Hormuz

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Rub al-KhaliThe Empty Quarter
Lack of H2O.how would this affect the population?
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Importance of Mountains Rivers

• Why are mountains important to people?
• NATURAL barriers of protection
• Deserts natural boundaries
• Why are rivers of great importance?
• Supply water to drink
• Supply Food
• Good source of water for crops
• Transportation

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Vocabulary Time!
On the RIGHT SIDE of your notebook, you are to
write each term and its definition. On the LEFT
SIDE of your notebook, you are to draw a picture
representing each term. Here are the
Vocabulary Words 1. Golan Heights 8.
Aquifers 15. Silt2. Wadi
9. Oasis3. Rub al-Khali 10.
Sahara4. Salt Flat 11. Nile
River5. Desalinization 12. Rift
Valleys6. Crude Oil 13.
Desertification7. Refinery 14.
Aswan High Dam
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Climate, Vegetation, and Resources of North
Africa/SW Asia
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North Africa/Middle East Climate Regions
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• Desert Climate
• 50 of N. Africa S.W. Asia
• Semi-Arid (not as dry as desert)
• Mediterranean Hot, dry summers cool rainy
  winters
• Found primarily in countries that border bodies
  of water
• HIGHLAND
• http//www.classzone.com/cz/books/world_geography
  05/get_chapter_group.htm?cin7rgmap_centeratma
  psvarmaps

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Highland Climates

• Tops of mountains and plateaus
• Areas where major food crops are grown ? cereals
• Most rainfall of the region

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The Sahara

• Largest desert in the world 3.5 million sq.
  miles
• The size of the US

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• Oasis places in the desert where water is
  present

• Desertification land becoming more dry and so
  turns into desert

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North Africa/Middle EastVegetation
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Desert

• The 1 vegetation region throughout North Africa
  and the Middle East

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Steppe/Grasslands

• Area surrounding deserts
• Grassy areas where people can live and where
  animals can be raised ? Pastoralism
  (domesticating and raising animals and living off
  them)

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The Natural Resources of theNorth Africa/Middle
East
How is the LAND used?
What are the MAIN resources?
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Natural Resources

• Petroleum Natural Gas
• 60 of the worlds known petroleum reserves

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World Oil Flow Routes
What are your observations from the diagram?
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World Oil Reserves
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Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers
The U. S. imports 30 of its oil needs from the
Middle East.
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Human Geography

• The Culture of North Africa and the Middle East

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North Africa/Middle East Population Density
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Cairo, Egypt Most Populated City in the Middle
East
17,000,000People!
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Desert Bedouins people who have no permanent
home and live off of the land.
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Arabs

• Speak Arabic
• Mostly Muslims
• Most trace ancestry back to the Arabian Peninsula
  
• Civilizations such as
• Egyptians Babylonians

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Israelis

• 6 million people in the region
• Citizens of the country of Israel
• Of the people 5 million Jewish, 1 million Arab
  (Palestinians)
• Fighting between Jews and Palestinians is a
  constant occurrence because both claim rights to
  the land and want to be in control

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Turks

• Ottoman Turks ruled an empire in eastern
  Mediterranean (modern day Turkey)
• Not Arab, but most practice Islam
• Unique culture that blends Turkish, Islamic, and
  Western elements

TURKEY
NOT
TURKEY
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Iranians

• Speak Farsi, an Indo-European language that is
  related to English
• Practice a form of Islam known as Shiite
• A religious state ? the religious leaders
  run the government

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Islam
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Islam? An Abrahamic Religion

• Muslims are strict monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God,
  which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible,
  like the Quran, is the word of God.

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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Five Pillars of Islam
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1. Faith

• The declaration of faith

There is no god worthy of worship except God,
andMuhammad is HisMessenger or Prophet.
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2. Prayer

• The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a
  day dawn noon late
  afternoon sunset before going
  to bed
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

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3. Giving to the poor

• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• Muslims believe that all things belong to
  God.
• way to both purification and growth.
• About 2.5 of your income.

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4. Fasting

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
• Considered a method of self- purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

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5. The Hajj (pilgrimage)

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year.

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JUDAISM
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Judaism Beliefs

• Monotheistic
• Holy BookTorah
• ProphetAbraham
• 10 Commandments (Laws)
• Holidays/Celebration
• Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
• Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year)
• Bar/Bat Mitzvah (becoming an adult)

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CHRISTIANITY
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Christianity Beliefs

• Monotheistic
• Trinity Father, Son, and Holy Ghost
• Holy Book Bible
• Sects
• Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant (to name a
  few)
• Holidays/Celebrations
• Christmas
• Easter
• Ash Wednesday