The Rise of Dictators

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TOTALITARIANISM

• The Rise of Dictators

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Totalitarianism

• A government that takes total, centralized, state
  control over every aspect of public and private
  life
• Totalitarian leaders provide appear to provide a
  sense of security and to give a direction for the
  future
• Utilizes secret police to crush opposition and
  create a sense of fear among the people

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KEY TRAITS
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Dynamic Leader

• Unites people
• Symbolizes Government
• Encourages popular support
• through force of will

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Dictatorship One-Party Rule

• Exercises absolute authority
• Dominates the government

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Ideology

• Sets goals of the state
• Glorifies aims of the state
• Justifies government actions

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State Control of Individuals

• Demands loyalty
• Denies basic liberties
• Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the
  state

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State Control of Society

• Business
• Labor
• Housing
• Education
• Religion
• The arts
• Personal life
• Youth groups

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Methods of Enforcement

• Police terror
• Indoctrination
• Censorship
• Persecution

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Modern Technology

• Mass communication to spread propaganda
• Advanced military weapons

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Benito Mussolini Italy

• Il Duce
• Fascist Party
• Fasces (rod ax)
• Blackshirts

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Adolf Hitler Germany

• Der Fuehrer
• Nazi Party
• Swastika
• Brown Shirts
• Mein Kampf
• (My Struggle)

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Mein Kampf My Struggle
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Joseph Stalin U.S.S. R.Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics

• Communist Government controls all property and
  means of production
• 5 Year Plans econ. Goals to transform U.S.S.R.
  from agriculture to INDUSTRY
• Great Purge 1932-1933 Over 8 mil. Russians are
  arrested and sent to Gulags (prison/labor camps)
  in Siberia or executed.
• Peasants farms are collectivized 10 mil.
  Peasants die!

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Joseph Stalin
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Russian Peasants
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General Francisco Franco - Spain

• 1936 -1939 Leads military revolt against the
  democratic government beginning the bloody
  Spanish Civil War
• Stalin supports Franco by sending trucks, planes,
  tanks, military advisor
• Hitler and Mussolini send arms, money, and men

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Franco Becomes Dictator of Spain

• Establishes Authoritarian regime favoring large
  landowners, businessmen, Catholic Clergy
• (because he favored traditional groups and did
  not control every aspect of society his
  dictatorship is authoritarian not totalitarian)

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Guernica by Pablo Picasso