Irony

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Irony

• Devices that contribute to a story

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Standard

• ELACC8RL6 Analyze how differences in the points
  of view of characters and the audience or reader
  (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony)
  create such effects as suspense or humor.
• ELACC8L5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative
  language, word relationships, and nuances in word
  meanings.
• a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal
  irony, puns) in context.

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Point-of-View
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All about the Narrator

• Point-of-view is only referring to the narrators
  point-of-view.
• You can only look at the narration to determine
  POV.
• Words in dialogue do not count.

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Three points-of-view

• First person
• Second person
• Third person

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First Person POV

• The narrator is in the story and refers to
  him/herself.
• Narrator will use words like
• I, me, we, us, our, my

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First Person POV

• Example from Percy Jackson
• Look, I didnt want to be a half blood.
• If youre reading this because you think you
  might be one, my advice is close this book right
  now. Believe whatever lie your mom or dad told
  you about your birth, and try to lead a normal
  life.
• My name is Percy Jackson. Im 12 years old.
  Until a few months ago, I was a boarding student
  at Yancy Academy, a private school for troubled
  kids in upstate New York.
• Am I a troubled kid?
• Yeah. You could say that.

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Second Person POV

• The second person is almost never used in
  literature.
• The second person is when the narrator says You
  and puts the reader directly into the story.

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Second Person POV

• Example from Joeduncko.com
• There is darkness everywhere. A small amount of
  light is radiating from the halfmoon floating in
  the sky overhead. There are no stars. It is cold
  and humid. You look around you and find your
  friends gone. You are completely alone.

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Wait just a minute!

• But the narrator says you a lot in the Percy
  Jackson example. See
• If youre reading this because you think you
  might be one, my advice is close this book
  right now. Believe whatever lie your mom or dad
  told you about your birth, and try to lead a
  normal life.
• Its true, Percy does talk to the reader
  sometimes. But Percy is still the one narrating
  the story, so it is still in his first person
  perspective.

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Third Person POV

• The narrator is telling a story about other
  people.
• Narrator will use words like
• He, she, him, her, they, them, their, (and
  characters names).

But wait! Theres more!
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There are 3 types of third person narrators.

• Omniscient
• Limited
• Objective

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Omniscient Narrator

• a narrator who knows everything that needs to be
  known about the characters and events in the
  story, and who has privileged access to a
  character's thoughts, feelings, and motives.
• This narrator never needs to say maybe or
  perhaps a character feels something. They
  always know.

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Limited Narrator

• a narrator who is confined to what is
  experienced, thought, or felt by a single
  character, or at most a limited number of
  characters.
• They do not seem to be sure of what every
  character is feeling.

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Objective Narrator

• This narrator can only tell you what can be seen
  or heard. They cannot know anyones thoughts or
  feelings.
• We are all objective observers. We can tell
  others what we see or hear, and we can guess at
  someones thoughts, but we can not know what they
  are thinking unless they tell us.

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Guess the Narrator

• Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone
  under the tree. Jacob felt a pang of pity for
  her, and though he worried what the others might
  say, he walked to her, sat beside her, and
  offered her his jacket.

Omniscient
Objective
Limited
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The Answer Is
Limited
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Guess the Narrator

• Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone
  under the tree. Jacob gazed at her with a stare
  suggestive of pity, and his lips tightened as
  though he debated something of importance. He
  gave one timid glance back at the others, and
  then walked boldly over to Lilly and sat beside
  her and offered her his Jacket.

Omniscient
Objective
Limited
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The Answer Is
Objective
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Guess the Narrator

• Lilly shivered and tried unsuccessfully not to
  sob while sitting alone under the tree. She was
  more embarrassed and miserable than she had ever
  been. Jacob felt a pang of pity for her, and
  though he worried what the others might say, he
  walked to her, sat beside her, and offered her
  his jacket.

Omniscient
Objective
Limited
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The Answer Is
Omniscient
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Guess the Narrator

• Lilly shivered and sobbed while sitting alone
  under the tree. Jacob felt a pang of pity for
  her. He gave one timid look back to the others.
  They were playing keep-away with the small boys
  wallet. He could not tell if any of them were
  paying attention to him now. Regardless, he went
  to Lilly, sat beside her, and offered her his
  Jacket.

Omniscient
Objective
Limited
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The Answer Is
Limited
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Irony

• Irony is a difference between what is said and
  what is meant, what is said and what actually
  occurs, or between the meaning and what is
  understood.

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There are 3 Types of Irony

• Dramatic
• Situational
• Verbal

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Dramatic Irony

• When the audience knows the whole truth about a
  situation, but a character does not.
• Example Have you ever seen a horror movie that
  has a killer on the loose? You, and the rest of
  the audience, know that the teenagers should not
  go walking in the woods late at night, but they
  think a midnight stroll would be romantic.
  Needless to say, the killer is right there in the
  woods, and the teens become the next victims.

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Situational Irony

• Situational Irony is when events turn out to be
  the opposite of what is expected.
• The result of an action ends up completely
  different than the initial intention.

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Situational Irony

• Example You stay up all night studying for a
  test for once in your entire life. When you go to
  class, you discover the test is not until the
  next day.

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Verbal Irony

• When a person or character says one thing, but
  means something totally different.
• Sarcasm is one example of verbal irony.

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Irony in Tell Tale Heart

• Irony exists in the Tell Tale Heart. For
  example, the narrator thinks that the police can
  hear his victim's beating heart through the
  floorboards. He thinks that they have found him
  out. The audience however knows that the police
  have no clue that he is hiding a body.
• What sort of Irony is this?

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Irony Exists in the Real World of Course
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Task Choices

• 1. Now that you have a basic understanding of
  irony, think about an instance of irony you have
  encountered in real life, in a book, in a movie,
  or on TV. Write a paragraph describing the
  irony. Be sure to identify whether it is
  dramatic, verbal, or situational.
• 2. Create a narrative story or a poem that
  contains one of the 3 types of irony. Label the
  type of irony that occurs in your narrative.

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Standard

• ELACC8RL6 Analyze how differences in the points
  of view of characters and the audience or reader
  (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony)
  create such effects as suspense or humor.