Periodic Table of Elements

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Periodic Table of Elements
2
Dmitri Mendeleev

• Created first version of periodic table.
• Predicted properties of elements yet to be
  discovered.

Rockin the shaggy beard
Ted Talk https//www.youtube.com/watch?vO-48znAg
7VE
3

• Arranged elements according to atomic weights.
• Today they are arranged by atomic number.

Development of the Table 339 http//youtu.be/nsb
Xp64YPRQ
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Periodic Law

• Properties of elements are periodic functions of
  their atomic numbers.
• In other words, properties tend to repeat as you
  start a new period.

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Groups/Families(Columns 1-18)

• Elements have
• Same number of valence electrons.
• Similar chemical properties.
• Form bonds in same way to get stable octet.

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Periods (Rows 1-7)

• Elements have
• Same number of occupied energy levels.
• Do not have similar properties.

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Group 1 Alkali Metals

• 1 valence electron
• Form 1 Ions
• Very reactive
• Found only in compounds.

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http//youtu.be/uixxJtJPVXk
Rubidium
http//www.youtube.com/watch?featureplayer_embedd
edvHY7mTCMvpEM
9
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

• 2 valence electrons
• Form 2 ions
• Very reactive
• Found only in compounds

10
Group 2 Some Alkaline Earth Metals
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Group 17 Halogens

• 7 valence electrons
• Form -1 ions
• Very reactive
• All nonmetals

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Gas
Liquid
Solid
FLUORINE Extremely reactive gas
IODINE solid ? gas (sublimes)
300 http//www.youtube.com/watch?featureplayer_e
mbeddedvu2ogMUDBaf4
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Group 18 Noble Gases

• Inert Gases
• Not reactive
• Have stable octet
• (except He)
• Monoatomic gases

14
Transition Metals

• Metals in the lower columns.
• (d-block metals)
• Inner transition metals are the two bottom rows
• (f-block metals)

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Transition Metals

• Form colored compounds and solutions.
• Often have multiple oxidation states (charges)
• Honors May involve d-sublevel electrons in
  forming bonds

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Lanthanide Actinide Series

• Two rows on the bottom of the table
• f block
• Start with lanthanum and actinium
• Also called inner Transition Metals

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• Man Made Elements (Trans Uranium)
• Elements above Uranium (Atomic 92)
• Not found naturally on earth
• Must be created through nuclear bombardment using
  particle accelerators.
• Radioactive Elements
• All atoms of elements higher than Bismuth (Atomic
  83) are radioactive.

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• Do we know our groups?
• Elements Song Again!
• http//youtu.be/zGM-wSKFBpo
• Periodic Table Dating Game
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vA6cF0iWC3J4
• Ted Talk 424
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vfPnwBITSmgU

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Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids
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Properties of Metals

• Luster
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Conduct heat and electricity
• Lose valence electrons, form positive ions
• All solids (except Hg)

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Nonmetals

• No luster
• Brittle (if solid)
• Dont conduct
• Gain valence electrons, form negative ions
• Can be solid, liquid, gas
• Hydrogen is a nonmetal

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Metalloids (Semimetals)

• Most elements along the staircase
• Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

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Trends in the Periodic Table
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Atomic Radius

• Distance from nucleus to the outer edge of
  electron cloud.

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Trends in Radius(Use Table S)
Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

• Down a Group
• Ex Group 1 What happens?
• Across a Period
• Ex Period 2 What happens?

Li Be B C N O F Ne
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• Lets Think
• Why does this trend happens?
• How might it be related to electron shells and
  electron repulsion?
• How might it be related to the pull of nuclear
  charge?

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• Down a Group
• Size increases
• Add new energy levels
• Greater shielding from core electrons
• Outer electrons further from nucleus so less
  attractive force

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• Across a Period
• Size decreases
• Increasing nuclear charge pulls on same of
  energy levels
• No increase in shielding effect

http//youtu.be/ba2yN2HtPTAhttp//www.youtube.com
/watch?vVopLrkfXfGwsafeactive
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Ionization Energy

• Energy required to remove outermost electron

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Trends in Ionization Energy(Use Table S)

• Down a Group
• Ex Group 1 What happens?
• Across a Period
• Ex Period 2 What happens?

Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
Li Be B C N O F Ne
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What is the trend?

• Down a Group IE __________________
• Across a Period IE _________________
• Therefore
• Larger Radius Lower Ionization Energy

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• Why?
• The further outermost
• electron is from nuclear
• pull, easier it is to remove.
• More shells of kernel
• electrons around nucleus
• creates a greater
• shielding effect.

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Electronegativity

• Attraction an atom has for electrons involved in
  bond formation.

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Electronegativity

• The higher the EN value the more the atom pulls
  on electrons involved in bond.
• Tug of war for electrons in bond

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• Fluorine has the highest EN value 4
• EN scale was created by comparing other elements
  to Fluorine
• Nonmetals generally have much higher EN values
  than metals

http//youtu.be/93G_FqpGFGY http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vYZ8izzEq6zIsafeactive
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How does this Affect Bonds?

• Polar Bond
• Unequal electron sharing
• Atoms have different EN
• Nonpolar Bond
• Equal electron sharing
• Atoms have same EN

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Trends in Electronegativity (Use Table S)

• Down a Group
• Ex Group 1 What happens?
• Across a Period
• Ex Period 2 What happens?

Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
Li Be B C N O F Ne
38

• What was the trend in electronegativity?
• Down a group EN _________________
• Across a period EN ________________
• What is the relationship to atomic radius?
• As size gets bigger EN gets ______________
• As size gets smaller EN gets _____________
• What element has the highest EN value?
• What elements dont have really have
  electronegativity values? Why is that?

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Metallic/NonMetallic Character

• More Metallic
• Large radius
• Low IE
• Low EN
• More Non Metallic
• Small radius
• High IE
• High EN

http//www.youtube.com/watch?featureplayer_embedd
edvhANWofStHrk
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Links and Songs

• (Honors) Intro to the Table
• http//youtu.be/5MMWpeJ5dn4
• Dan Radcliffe Knows his elements!
• http//youtu.be/rSAaiYKF0cs
• Elements Song
• Periodic Table of Videos Crew
• http//youtu.be/afFw91fvNJM
• A different Song
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzUDDiWtFtEMsafeac
  tive
• LIST OF COOL LINKS
• http//www.nclark.net/PeriodicTable.html

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• Crash Course Video(13 minutes)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0RRVV4Diomgsafeac
  tive
• Interactive Table
• http//ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.
  phys.matter.ptable/periodic-table-of-the-elements/
  
• Interactive Table
• http//www.chemicool.com/
• Sortify Game
• https//www.brainpop.com/games/sortifyelementsofth
  eperiodictable/
• Go React Periodic Table
• http//www.msichicago.org/play/goreact/