Ch. 21-1: North Africa and Southwest Asia

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Ch. 21-1 North Africa and Southwest Asia
Objective Identify important physical features
of North Africa and SW Asia
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Fresh Water A Scarce Resource

• The scarcity of fresh water in North Africa and
  Southwest Asia had led most of the people to
  settle along the fertile river valleys and
  coastal areas.
• In central and southern Algeria, only the
  occasional oasis is capable of supporting life.
  Many of Algerias population lives on these few
  oasis where underground springs provide water for
  date and citrus fruit crops as well as some grass
  and shrubs for grazing this inhospitable region

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Oasis in Algeria
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Peninsulas and Seas

• The largest peninsula is the Arabian Peninsula
  in Southwest Asia.

The Persian Gulf borders the peninsula on the east
The Red Sea borders the peninsula on the west.
The Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea are the
southern borders
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The Arabian Peninsula- Oil

• Supplies the world with 1/4th to 1/3rd of all of
  the oil that is produced.

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The Sinai Peninsula

• The smaller of the peninsulas in Southwest Asia,
  connects Africa and Asia

Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
Red Sea
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The Dead Sea

• salt water lake, located at the mouth of the
  Jordan River
• Its shores lie about 1,300 feet below sea level.
  
• lowest point on the earths surface.
• 9 times saltier than the ocean

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The Dead Sea

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Coasts, Mountains and Plateaus

• Mountain Ranges Southwest Asia
• Arabian Peninsula

Hejaz Mountain
Asir Mountains
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The Central Plateau

• very little annual rainfall, located in Saudi
  Arabia

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Anatolian Peninsula
Pontic Mountains

Zagros Mountains
Taurus Mountains
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The Pontic Mountains-Turkey
Located on the Black Sea Coast, south of Black Sea
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The Taurus Mountains- Turkey

• lie along the Mediterranean Sea on Turkeys
  southern coast.

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Zagros Mountains- Turkey and Iran

• Form the western border of Iran. It is an area
  of frequent seismic activity.

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Mountains in North Africa

• The Atlas Mountains are found in Morocco and
  Algeria

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The Atlas Mountains of Morocco and Algeria
-longest range in Africa. -cause a great amount
of rainfall on the northern coast . -Most of the
population of North Africa is on the northern
coast
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Rivers of North Africa and Southwest Asia

• The Nile River- Egypt
• -longest river in the world (4,145 miles long)
• -floods annually creating a very fertile strip
  of land along its banks and in its flood plain.
• -90 of Egypts population lives along the Nile

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The Nile River - Egypt

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Satellite Images of Nile River Delta
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• When the Egyptians constructed the Aswan High
  Dam, they also built the largest human-made lake
  in the world-Lake Nasser. Lake Nasser is over
  300 miles long!

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Nile River
Which direction does the water flow?
Dam
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Rivers of Southwest Asia

• The Tigris and Euphrates
• -These rivers were the site of the worlds 1st
  civilizations.
• -Frequent flooding provided a very rich, fertile
  region between these two rivers.
• -Source mountains of Anatolia
• -Flow to the Persian Gulf

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Tigris and Euphrates
Tigris River

Euphrates River
Shatt al Arab River
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Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Tigris River
Euphrates River