Citations

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Citations

• Take notes on this presentation. I will give you
  a quiz over this material.

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Citing Facts

• As you work on developing your outline for your
  persuasive speech, you will be citing the facts
  from your research. You will also need to cite
  facts in your essay. Add your citations into your
  outline as it develops.

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• I. American Girl dolls cultivate imagination and
  activate the brain.
• A. According to psychologists, imaginative play
  is one of the most important components of early
  learning and is a key factor in brain
  development.
• 1. Research Fact (citation)
• 2. Research Fact (citation)
• B. Social development is also inspired through
  imaginative play.
• 1. Fact (citation)
• 2. Fact (citation)

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• Which of these is a fact that needs to be cited?
• American Girl dolls cultivate imagination and
  activate the brain.
• According to psychologists, imaginative play is
  one of the most important components of early
  learning and is a key factor in brain
  development.
• 80 of American girls play with dolls.
• Social development is also inspired through
  imaginative play.

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• For EACH of your THREE key ideas in your outline
  you need THREE FACTS. In total, the minimum
  number of citations for this essay is NINE.
• HW Work on adding facts to your outline. Bring
  your draft to class tomorrow to show me your
  progress. You should pick up your rough outline
  before you leave class today to read my comments.

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What is a citation? Why do we cite facts in an
essay?
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• A citation is a reference to the source of the
  information- the article or document where you
  read a specific fact or from which you copied a
  specific quote.
• We cite facts to show that we have solid credible
  sources.
• We cite because if we dont we are simply
  stealing the idea of others. This is plagiarism-
  a form of intellectual theft.

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2. What does credible mean? Would an anonymous
source be more or less credible than a named
source?
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• Credible means believable.
• An anonymous source is less credible usually
  because we dont know anything about the merits
  or qualifications of the writer.
• If something is published by a major publication
  such as a large magazine, the credibility is
  greater, but you should not rely on facts from
  blogs or message postings even on a Website
  sponsored by a credible group.

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3. What is a quote? Can I quote the writer of an
article even if nothing in the article is in
quotes?
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• A quote is anything you take word for word from
  another text, movie, or other printed source, or
  anything you take word for word from an
  interview.
• You can quote the writer of an article. That
  persons ideas need to be quoted if you take them
  word for word, and need to be cited if they are
  original and not common knowledge.

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4. How do you properly introduce a quote or a
research fact in a paper or a speech to make your
fact come across to your audience as credible?
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• Lead in with information about who said the quote
  and when.
• During a recent speech at the White House,
  President Obama said, ..
• New York Times sports columnist John Brown stated
  his views about the draft in his recent article,
  

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5. What is a paraphrase? When should I
paraphrase? When should I quote an idea instead
of paraphrasing?
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• Paraphrasing is when you write an idea in your
  own words.
• A paraphrase needs to be cited when it is an idea
  that is unique to a specific article. Often you
  will paraphrase general ideas that you see in
  several articles. These ideas would not need to
  be cited.

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6. When do I need to cite information? Do I cite
quotes? Do I cite statistics? Do I cite
everything?
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• Always cite quotations.
• Cite paraphrased information if it is a unique
  and original idea that belongs to someone else.
• Cite research data such as statistics.

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7. When I cite a quote, what information is
included within the parentheses? Why?
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• The citation is a short reference to the Works
  Cited sheet. So it contains the first thing
  listed on the works cited sheet.
• On the Works Cited I can find all of the
  information about the source.
• The first thing you list on a Works Cited sheet
  is the authors name. If there is no author, you
  list the title of the article.

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A citation looks like this

• ( Smith 6) - Author and page number when possible
• (The Truth about Barbie) If there is no author,
  you cite the title of the article. If there is no
  page number, you leave it out.

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Do not cite the speakers name unless the speaker
is the writer of the article.

• Use a lead-in to say who is speaking. The
  citation should refer the reader to the Works
  Cited Sheet.
• According to psychologist Susan Smith, Barbies
  are harmless (The Truth about Barbie). Notice
  the punctuation here? Notice that I do not put
  Smith in parentheses because she is not the
  writer of the article I am citing.

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No Citation Needed common knowledge

• ________________Children often create their own
  stories when they play with dolls.

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No citation neededgeneral information/ common
knowledge

• _________________According to many child
  development experts, the best toys for babies and
  toddlers are developmental toys such as playgyms,
  swings, simple stacking toys, puzzles and musical
  toys. Toys more suitable for older children are
  electronic educational toys, construction toys
  such as Lego, and puzzles, board games and
  science-based toys.

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Cite NeededDirect Quotation

• _________________"Toys 'R' Us strongly believes
  in promoting outdoor activities and a healthy
  lifestyle among children," says Toys R Us
  executive Mr R.J. Sen. Its retail outlets offer a
  wide range of sports and outdoor toys.

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No Citation NeededCommon Knowledge

• _________________Children are struggling to make
  friends at school because they spend too long
  playing computer games and listening to MP3
  players, according to many teachers.

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Citation NeededSpecific Study Referenced

• __________________A survey of primary teachers in
  the UK by the organization Save the Children
  reveals that an increase in "solitary pastimes''
  has caused damaged to the social skills and has
  resulted in greater levels of loneliness amongst
  young people today.

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Citation NeededQuoted Material

• __________________Education Correspondent, Graeme
  Paton of The Daily Telegraph explains that there
  are growing concerns that the toxic mix of modern
  life, including exposure to electronic
  entertainment, junk food and over-competitive
  schooling, is poisoning childhood.

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Citation NeededStatistic

• __________________More than 70 percent of
  teachers said that increased use of games
  consoles, mobile phones, the internet and MP3
  players has harmed children's ability to interact
  with their peers.

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No Citation NeededGeneral InformationIdea Not
Unique To One Source

• __________________If young people do not learn to
  form solid relationships with others and rely too
  much on solitary play, it can be difficult for
  them to form long-term relationships later in
  life. This can affect both their work
  relationships and their family lives.

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8. What is a Works Cited Sheet and how is it
different than a Bibliography?

• A bibliography lists all the sources you read or
  used in any way.
• A Works Cited ONLY lists the sources that you
  actually cited in your essay.

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Where do I put citations on my outline?

• Place the citation right after the fact.
• Include the authors name and the page number (if
  applicable.)
• If there is no author, list the title of the
  article in quotation marks.

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How many citations do I need for each of my key
ideas?

• You should have 2-3 for each key idea and a
  MINIMUM of 9 citations in your typed outline.
• You need to CITE your sources.

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How do I make a Works Cited page? What is MLA
format?

• Use MLA format. Examples of this format can be
  found in your planner and also on many solid
  college writing sites.
• My favorite is Purdue Universitys Owl Writing
  Center.
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
  

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Make sure you have all of the source information
and that you use the right format.

• Dont forget to punctuate titles.
• Pay attention to the punctuation between each
  part of the Works Cited.
• Make sure you alphabetize your sources based on
  the first word of the entry.
• Double space and indent second and third lines of
  each entry (when applicable)

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Turn in Outline

• Turn in your outline draft today.
• Work on your Works Cited tonight. It is due on
  Thursday.
• Bring your typed outline to class tomorrow. You
  will need to reference it!

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Speeches

• Speeches will start next Monday.
• I am going to stretch them out over the last two
  weeks. Everyone should be ready to go on their
  assigned day. You will have a 20 late penalty if
  you are not prepared. That means a B- is the
  highest grade you can get even if you give the
  most incredible speech I have ever seen. PLAN
  AHEAD!