The Five Levels of Culture

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The Five Levels of Culture
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The Nomadic Society
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What are our basic needs for survival?
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Food/Water, Clothing and Shelter
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What are our two food sources?
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Animals and Plants
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Animals and plants depend on seasons. People
were dependent on seasons.
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Small groups of nuclear families
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Inuit in Alaska and Northern Territories
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Aboriginals in Australia
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The Agricultural Society
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The agricultural revolution

• 10,000 years ago
• People learned to cultivate plants and
  domesticate animals

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Earliest form of agriculture is called slash and
burn
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Settled in villages
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Population increased
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Extended families developed
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They are called nomadic herders
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Nomadic herders have domesticated animals, but
have not settled in villages to raise crops.
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Chad North Central Africa
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Huarochiri of Peru
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Mongolia
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Plains Indians
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Lapp Kotas in Finland
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Peru
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The Specialized Society
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Families developed special skills
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Strumenti
                                                            

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Trade developed within and between villages
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Control of trade led to the development of towns.
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Towns Villages with a central market.
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The Civilized Society
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Trade networks between towns and villages grew
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The key to power is control of trade
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Cities developed as centers of power
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Writing
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Social Classes Specialized
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Developed complex organizations highly
specialized in all elements of culture
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The Industrial Society
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The Industrial Revolution

• Machines replace hand tools.
• New energy sources replace human and animal power.

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First Industrial Revolution Mid 1700s Mid
1800s
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Second Industrial Revolution followed the first
and was much larger.
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Second Industrial Revolution is spreading over
the world.
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Urbanization The worldwide growth of cities.
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The Industrial Revolution led to the need for
natural resources.
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The need for natural resources led to imperialism.
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Imperialism When a nation takes control of
another nation or region.
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Imperialism produced westernization
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As European control spread other cultures began
to adopt western culture.
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Imperialism led to nationalism.
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• Interdependence
• The mutual dependence of countries on goods,
  resources, and knowledge from other parts of the
  world