CELL GROWTH

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CELL GROWTH REPRODUCTION

• Chapter 8, Section 2 pg. 201

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Cell Size pg. 201-202

• Small cells are more efficient (work better)
• Easier to bring nutrients in and get waste out
• Small cells have a greater Surface Area-to-Volume
  Ratio so that exchange of materials across the
  plasma membrane is more efficient

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Cell Reproduction pg. 203

• Chromatin uncondensed DNA, prior to cell
  division.
• Chromosomes condensed DNA, form when cell is
  ready to divide
• Made up of 2 halves held together in the center
  by the centromere pg. 205

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Cell Cycle (Interphase Mitosis) pgs. 206 - 209

• Cell Cycle sequence of growth division of a
  cell, 2 parts
• 1. Interphase (3)
• 2. Cell Division 5 total
• Mitosis (4)
• Cytokinesis (1)
• 1. Interphase growth period, majority of a
  cells life 3 parts
• Cells grow (G1) Why is it growing?
• Chromosomes duplicate (S) Why the term synthesis?
• Prep for division (G2) What might need to happen
  here?

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• 2. Mitosis period of division, 2 daughter cells
  get formed, each w/ a complete set of chromosomes
• Divided into 4 Phases

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Phases of Mitosis pg. 207

• 1. Prophase
• Chromatin coils into chromosomes
• Sister Chromatids two halves of the chromosome,
  chromatids are genetically identical
• Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus break down
• Centrioles start sending out Spindle Fibers

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2. Metaphase

• Chromosomes (X shaped) line up in the center of
  the cell
• Spindle Fibers attach the chromatids

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3. Anaphase

• Separation of Sister Chromatids
• Goes from X shaped to V shaped.
• X shows duplicated pair
• V shows single chromatid (2 chromatids
  chromosome

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4. Telophase

• Chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell
• Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus re-form

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• Cytokinesis pg. 209 division of the cytoplasm
• Cleavage Furrow in animals
• Cell Plate in plants

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• http//cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
• At the end of Cell Division you have 2 new
  identical daughter cells.
• These are called somatic cells (body)
• Different from sex cells (gametes) not identical

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Cancer (Ch. 8, Sec. 3)

• Results from uncontrolled cell division, over 200
  different types
• Cell division is controlled by enzymes. What
  controls enzyme production?
• If the DNA of a cell is damaged/altered,
  regulation of cell division can be affected
• What environmental factors can damage cells?
• Ultraviolet rays, exposure to toxic materials,
  tobacco, obesity
• Other factors include genetics, lack of exercise,
  unhealthy diet

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Practice

• Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by
  cancer for males and females. Explain how this
  statistic can be easily reduced.