European Imperialism

1
European Imperialism

• 6-1 (part II)

2
The Spanish Empire

• Spanish conquerors of the Americas were called
  conquistadors
• They were incredibly successful in gaining
  territory from native peoples

3
The Spanish Empire

• Hernan Cortes overthrew the Aztec Empire in
  Central America
• Francisco Pizarro took control of the Incan
  Empire in South America

4
The Spanish Empire

• By 1535, the Spanish had created a system of
  colonial administration in the Americas
• Queen Isabella declared the Native Americans to
  be her subjects

5
The Spanish Empire

• Forced labor, starvation, and disease took a
  terrible toll on Native American lives.
• Between 30 and 40 of natives died due to
  diseases brought by the Europeans

6
Economic Impact

• Wherever they went, Europeans searched for gold
  and silver.
• Soon it flowed into Europe from the Americas
• Agricultural products, such as potatoes, cocoa,
  corn, and tobacco, were also shipped to Europe.

7
The Columbian Exchange

• In turn, Europeans brought horses, cattle, wheat,
  and cane sugar to the Americas.
• This exchange of goods between Europe and the
  Americas is called the Columbian Exchange

8
New Rivals Enter the Scene

• By the end of the 16th century, several European
  countries were vying for the eastern trade
• Ferdinand Magellan sailed to the Philippine
  Islands on behalf of Spain
• Spanish colonies were established

9
New Rivals Enter the Scene

• Soon, the English and Dutch arrived and began
  competing with Spain and each other

10
Early North American Colonies

• Dutch established a colony called New Netherlands
  in the Hudson River Valley
• Eventually, the English seized that colony and
  renamed it New York
• They also founded Virginia and the Massachusetts
  Bay Colony

11
Trade and Colonies

• In the 1500s and 1600s, European nations
  established trading posts and colonies in the
  Americas and the East
• A colony is a settlement of people living in a
  new territory, linked with the parent country by
  trade and direct government control.
• important because they were sources of raw
  materials and were markets for finished goods

12
Mercantilismhttp//www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Me
rcantilism.html

• Colonies played a role in the theory of
  mercantilism
• The idea that the prosperity of a nation depended
  on a large supply of gold and silver.

13
Balance of Trade

• To bring in gold and silver, nations tried to
  have a favorable balance of trade
• Its the difference in value between what a
  nation imports and what it exports over time.
• When the balance is favorable, the goods exported
  are of greater value than those imported.

14
High Tariffs

• Governments tried to keep foreign goods out of
  their countries/colonies by placing high tariffs
  (taxes) on these goods