18.2The Spanish-American War (1898)

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18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898)

• IDENTIFY The causes and key events of the war
• UNDERSTAND How the US acquired Spanish colonies.

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WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR?

• Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence
  from Spain
• Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on
  Cuba, creates concentration camps, thousands
  die of hunger disease
• Hearst and Pulitzers US papers fuel war fever
  with orange journalism
• De Lome Letter criticizes Pres. McKinley
• The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898
• Hearst and Pulitzers US papers fuel war fever
  with yellow journalism

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USS Maine before
http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h46000/h
46774.jpg
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USS Maine after
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Why did McKinley call for war with Spain?

• Popular
• Business interests
• Spanish despotism
• Yellow Press/jingoism
• Maine Incident

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Timeline of Spanish-American War
February 15, 1898
April 20, 1898
May 1, 1898
July 25, 1898
August 12, 1898
February 6, 1899
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Timeline of Spanish-American War
February 15, 1898 Battleship Maine mysteriously explodes and sinks near the Cuban coast, 260 Americans die
April 20, 1898 United States goes to war with Spain
May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey steams into Manila Bay and destroys Spanish fleet
July 25, 1898 United States troops invade Puerto Rico
August 12, 1898 United States and Spain sign armistice (cease fire)
February 6, 1899 Senate passes Treaty of Paris
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Spanish-American War

• Q Who had the advantage at the beginning of the
  war?
• A Spain had more soldiers and a bigger navy
• Q How did the Philippines become involved?
• A UNDER-Secretary Teddy Roosevelt ordered
  Commodore George Dewey to attack Manila

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• Who are the Rough Riders?
• regiment of American volunteers , including
  cowboys, polo players, ex-convictsand Teddy
  Roosevelt
• Why are they historically significant?

http//www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/
Faculty/Fac_From1877ChapterDoc/ChapterImages/Ch19R
ooseveltandtheRough20Riders.jpg
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Rough Riders http//www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898
/img/grprord.jpg
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Charge of San Juan HillHistorical Significance
Establishes reputation of TR and the United
States as a world power.
Painting by Frederic Remington
Who is missing from this picture?
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Buffalo Soldiers
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OUTCOMES p. 534

• 379 US combat deaths, 5000 deaths from disease
• Treaty of Paris of 1898
• -Cuba freed (Platt Amendment)
• -Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions
• -Philippines purchased for 20 million then
• annexed to US
• Increase in American prestige abroad

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What were the arguments against expanding
Americas empire?

• Violate our own fundamental beliefs
• Competition for American labor

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18.3 Acquiring New Lands

• OBJECTIVE Understand how US imperialism
  developed and how the US acquired Cuba, Puerto
  Rico, and the Philippines

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The US in Puerto Rico

• Luis Munoz Rivera (La Democrazia)
• Had gained limited self rule from Spain in 1897
• US government makes no promises about their
  future during the war with Spain
• No real agreement as to what they wanted
• Independence?
• Statehood?
• Combination of both?
• The Foraker Act set terms of relationship. No
  citizenship and the US President could appoint
  governor

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Cuba Becomes a Protectorate

• The Teller Amendment no intent to annex or
  control Cuba
• The Platt Amendment Us insists that it be added
  to their new Constitution
• No treaties that might limit Cuban Independence
• The US can intervene to maintain order
• Cuba can not go into debt
• The US can buy or lease land in Cuba for naval
  and coaling stations
• PROTECTORATE? Why?

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• MOTIVATING IDEAS OF IMPERIALISM
• ALTRUISM
• COMMERCE
• RACIAL SUPERIORITY
• NATIONAL HONOR

• And one night it came to me this way-I dont
  know how it was, but it came (1) that we could
  not give them back to Spain that would be
  cowardly and dishonorable (2) that we could not
  turn them over to France or Germany-our
  commercial rivals in the Orient that would be bad
  business and discreditable (3) that we could not
  leave them to themselves the were unfit for
  self-government and they would soon have anarchy
  and misrule over there worse than Spains was
  and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do
  but to take them all, and to educate they
  Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and
  Christianize them, and by Gods grace do the very
  best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom
  Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and
  went to sleep and slept soundly.
• -President McKinley reflecting on what to do
  with the Philippines after the Spanish American
  war.

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The Philippine revolt

• Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims independence in
  January 1899 by February armed revolt had begun
• US concentration camps
• 70,000 US soldiers many buffalo soldiers
• Problem?

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Results and aftermath

• 3 years 20,000 rebels and 4,000 American lives
  lost
• 400 Million dollars (20x the price paid)
• Same government as Puerto Rico
• Taft governor of Island for 3 years
• POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

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China and the open door

• Philippines were a gateway to China HOWEVER
  European powers had already carved China into
  Spheres of Influence
• US Secretary of State John Hay issues a series of
  statements called the OPEN DOOR NOTES
• open access to chinas coastal ports
• Eliminate special priveliges for any trading
  nation
• Maintain Chinas Independence