??????S????? ?T???S

1
??????S????? ?T???S ????? F?S???S S????????
???????S F?S???S ??µpt?, 12 ?a??? 2005 1215
µµ ??ast?µ???? ?a????-?a???t??? ??f? Ta??s??
Ge??????
2
??aµ??f?s? ??sµ???? a?t???ß???a?. Elt1010 eV.
?et??t?? ?et??????.
?a?at???t???? P. AUGER. ??sµ??? a?t???ß???a
?gt1020 eV, 2006-
3
? pa???s?a t?? µa???t???? ped??? t?? ast?????,
???a??? ?a? ?????? µe?????? t? ??? t?? ?.?.
?aµ???? e?e??e??? p?? f???e? st? ??. ? µe??µ???
a?t? ??? d?aµ??f??eta? a?????a µe t? µetaß???
a?t?? t?? ped???. ?p? t? µetaß??? ?????? t??
???a???, ?µµesa µe?et??µe t? d?ast????t?t? t??
????? ?a? t?? ????sfa??a?.
4
? µet??t?? ?et?????? ?ataµet?? ta ?et????a p??
pa?????ta? st?? atµ?sfa??a ap? t??
a????ep?d??se?? t?? ?.?. µe ta µ???? t??. ?et?
ap? d?????se?? t?? ???? ???? atµ?sfa??????
p?es?? µp??e? ?a s?s?et?ste? a?t? µe ???a??
fa???µe?a.
5
?? es?te???? t?? µet??t? ?et??????. ?p? a??ste??
???f?d?t??? ?.?., ?? ???e? t?? a?a???????
apa???µ?t?? ?a? t? pe??ß??µa ap? p?ast??? ??a t??
ep?ß??d??s? t?? ?et?????? .
6
?? es?te???? t?? µet??t? ?et??????. ?? ???e? ap?
?a?a?? µ???ß? pe??ß?????? t??? a?a????????
a????e?t?? ?a? p???ap?as?????? ta atµ?sfa?????
?et????a ?a? (Delaware N.M., USA).
7
??e???? ?ata??µ?? ????? pa?µ??. ? ?ata????s? t??
BF3 ?at? t? ?e?t?????a t?? µet??t??, ??e? sa?
ap?t??esµa t?? a???s? t?? FWHM ?a? ?at? s???pe?a
t?? a???s? t?? stat?st???? sf??µat?? t??
µet??se??. Sa? ???? ?e??e?ta? t? 15.
B10 (n a) Li7 ???a? ? a?t?d?as? ?et?????? ?a?
p?????? ß????? (a???? BF3 t?? µet??t?) p?? d?????
????? ?a? a. ??t? p???a???? ????sµ? st??
a????e?t?. ???e ?e????? ?????? ?a? a a?t?st???e?
se ??a ?et?????. ? d?af??? e?e??e??? µeta?? t??
µ????? ?a? µe????? ????f?? a?t?st???e? st? 0.5
MeV ?a? e??a? ? e????e?a ap?d???e?s?? t?? ??????.
8
?? apa?te?ta? ??a t?? a?a???? t?? µet??se??
?et?????? st? e?d?p?a??t??? ???st?µa

• FWHM t?? µet??t? lt 15
• ??????s? ???? ???? t?? atµ?sfa?????? p?es??.
• ??????s? ???? ?e?µ???as?a??? ßa?µ?da? t??
  atµ?sfa??a? (?e? ???eta?).
• ??????s? ???? µetaß???? t?? ?e?µa???t???? ped???.
• ? µet??t?? ?et?????? µp??e? ? a????e?se? ??a
  d?ast?µ??? ?e????? ?ta? a?t? f??se? st?
  µa???t?sfa??a, d??ad? ??a pe??p?? t?ta?t? p???
  p??se???se? t?? ep?f??e?a t?? ???.

? ßa?µ?da a?t? ??e? sa? ap?t??esµa ?a µe???e? ?
?a a????e? t? ???? t?? ???a??? st??µat?? t??
atµ?sfa??a? st? ?p??? s??µat????ta? ta µ????a.
??t? ??e? sa? ap?t??esµa ?a e?att??eta? ? ?a
a????eta? ? d?ad??µ? t??? µ???? t?? µet??t?.
?pe?d? a?t? e??a? asta??, a????eta? ? µe???eta? ?
??? t??? a?t?st???a. ??a 5 a?t?? t?? µ??????
pa?????? ?et????a st? µ???ßd? t?? µet??t? µe
ap?t??esµa ?a ta ?ataµet?? µe ta ?p????pa ?a? ?
??? t?? ?et?????? ?a ?p??e?ta? se d?a??µ??se??
ap? a?t?? t?? a?t?a.
9
??a p??? ?a?? efa?µ??? t?? µa????????a?
?ata??af?? t?? ?.?. µe µet??t?? ?et??????
ap?te?e? ? ep?d?as? t?? st?? atµ?sfa????? ?a???
?a? st? d?µ??????a ??f?s??. ????s? t?? ???? t??
?.?. s??ep??eta? a???s? t?? ?aµ???? ??f?s?? p??
µp??e? ?a ?d???se? se µe??s? t?? ?e?µ???as?a?
?at? 0.1-0.2 C. ? s?µß??? t?? µet??t?? ?et??????
st? µe??t? t?? µa????????a? µetaß???? t??
atµ?sfa?????? ?e?µ???as?a? e??a? s?µa?t???, ??at?
?p?????? ta ded?µ??a 45 pe??p?? et?? ?a? de?
apa?te?ta? µe???? a???ße?a µet??se??.
? µetaß??? t?? s???????? (??t????) ?a? t??
?aµ???? (p??t??a??) ??f?s?? µa?? µe t? ??? t??
??sµ???? a?t???ß???a? (p??s???). Fa??eta? ? ste??
s??s? µeta?? t?? ?aµ???? ??f?s?? ?a? t?? ??sµ????
a?t???ß???a? ?a? µet? t? 1992. (Svensmark, H.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5027-5030, 1998)
10
Magnetic clouds A subject of space weather
prediction A. Geranios1, M. Vandas2, I.
Antoniadou1, O. Zacharopoulou3
(1) Physics Department, Nuclear and Particle
Physics Section, University of Athens,
Athens,15771, Greece
(2) Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences,
Bocni II 1401, 141 31 Praha 4, Czech Republic (3)
Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics Section,
University of Athens
HELIOS data 1976
???s?e???µ??? ?µ???a, 19th European Cosmic Ray
Symposium, August 30th - September 3rd
2004, Florence, Italy.
11
Theoretical model
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou

• rot B a B
• BR 0
• BT B0 J1 (aR)
• BA B0 J0 (aR)
• J0, J1, Bessel solutions

(Chandrasekhar, Kendall, 1975)
(Lundquist, 1950)
?? µa???t??? ??f?? e?te ?????d???? e?te sfa?????
pe?????feta? µe t?? p?? p??? e??s?s?, p??
e?f???e? t? e?e??e?? d???µe?? ped?? ?a? ? d?µ?
t?? µa???t???? ped??? µ????e? µe a?t?? e???
s?????e?d???.
12
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
?a s?st?µata a?af???? t?? d???f???? ?a? t??
µa???t???? ??f???. ? ??s? ?? p??? t?? e??e?pt???
?a? ? p??sa?at???sµ?? t?? ??f??? µp??e? ?a e??a?
? ?p???sd?p?te. ?ta? ? d???f???? e?t?p?se? ??a
µa???t??? ??f??, t?te t? ?e???t??? ??f?? (t??
?p???? t? µa???t??? ped?? pe?????feta? ap? t??
??se?? t?? e??s?s?? Bessel), p??sa?at????eta? µe
t?t??? t??p? ?ste ?a ta?t??eta? µe t? e?t?p?sµ???
ap? t?? d???f???.
13
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
Comparison between cylindrical and spheroid
magnetic clouds
???s?µ???s? e??? e?t?p?sµ???? µa???t???? ??f???
(s??e??? ??aµµ?) µe ?????d???? (d?a?e??µµ???
??aµµ? a??ste??) ?a? µe sfa???e?d?? ?e???t???
µ??t??? (d?a?e??µµ??? ??aµµ? de???).
14
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
Comparison between theoretical models and
observations.
???s?µ???s? d?af??et???? µa???t???? ??f??? µe t?
?????d???? (a??ste??) ?a? t? sfa???e?d?? (de???)
µ??t??? t?? ??f???.
15
Cylindrical cloud The simulated magnetic field
strength
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
?a???t??d??d??aµ???? p??s?µ???se?? e???
?????d????? ??f??? st? ep?ped? t?? e??e?pt????. ?
?ata??µ? t?? ??tas?? t?? µa???t???? ped??? t??
??f??? e??a? e??e?pt???, ?ta? t? ??f??
e?t?p??eta? st? µp??st??? µ????.
16
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
?ta? t? ??f?? e?t?p??eta? ap? t? p???, ? ?ata??µ?
t?? ??tas?? t?? µa???t???? ped??? e??a?
s?µµet???? (???????). ??????e? ?ata??µ??
p????pt??? ?a? ??a t?? p????t?ta t?? µa???t????
??f???.
17
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
???aµ??? a??pt??? e??? µa???t???? ??f??? ap? t??
???? µe ????a ???et? st?? e??e?pt???. ? ????s?
t?? ??f??? d??peta? ap? t?? µa???t??d??d??aµ????
s??se?? ?a? ? te????? p?? ???s?µ?p??????e e??a?
t?? Lax Vendrof t?? pepe?asµ???? d?af????. St?
video ape??????eta? ? µetaß??? t?? ?e?µ???as?a?
t?? ???a??? a??µ?? ?at? t?? a?t????? e?t???s? t??
??f???. ?? ??t? d????aµµa pa???s???e? t?
?e???t??? s?µµetaß??? t?? Dst t?? ?e?µa???t????
ped???. ?? a?t? µe???e? p??? ap? 200 nT ?a? ?
?ata????f? s???st?sa t?? µa???t???? ped??? t??
??f??? e??a? a?t??et?? f???? ap? a?t? t??
?e?µa???t???? ped???, t?te a?aµ??eta? µ?a ?s????
?e?µa???t??? ?ata???da.

• Magnetic cloud-Geomagnetic storm

18
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou,, O.
Zacharopoulou
?e????? ??e? µet? t?? e?t??e?s? t?? µa???t????
??f??? a??????e? ??a µ?t?p? ????s??, t? ?p??? sa?
ta??te?a ?????µe?? p???aßa??e? t? ??f??. ?
s??d?asµ?? ??f??? ?a? µet?p?? ??e? sa? ap?t??esµa
t?? µe???? µe??s? t?? Dst ?a? t?? p?????s?
?s????? ?e?µa???t???? ?ata???da?. ?e t?
µa???t??d??d??aµ??? a?t? µ??t??? µp??e? ?a?e?? ?a
?p?????se? t? µ???st? µe??s? t?? Dst ?a? ?a
p??ß???e? a? ?a a???????se? ?a? p?s? ?s???? ?a
e??a? ? µa???t??? ?ata???da. ?? ? d???f???? p??
e?t?p?se? ??a µa???t??? ??f?? e??a? ???t? st??
????, t?te ? p??ß?e?? f???e? ?a? t?? t?sse???
?µ??e?.

• Magnetic cloud with a shock wave

19
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
Magnetic cloud 15.7.2000 from ULYSSES
Distance from the sun 3 AU, 600 below the
ecliptic plane.
B and T of magnetic cloud simulation by a
force-free field (m, measured data s, spherical
c, cylindrical p, poloidal model)
?a???t??? ??f?? p?? ?at???a?e ? d???f????
???SS??S ??t? ap? t?? e??e?pt??? ?a? se ap?stas?
3 ?st????µ???? ????d??. ?a d?a???µµata de??????
t?? p??s?µ???se??.
20
MAGNETIC CLOUD OF 20 NOVEMBER 2003
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
AURORA IN ATHENS
F?t????f?s?, ?. ????µaµ?t??
(?. ?a???µ??a????, ?. ??a?????, M. Ge???t?d??,
G. S??ßat??????, ?. Sa??????, G. ?a???t??, S.
??ts??, ?. Belov, E. Eroshenko, V. Yanke, 10?
?a?e?????? S???d??? ?.?.F., ???t????, 29-31 ?a?.
2004.)
?? ?s????tat? µa???t??? ??f?? t?? 2003 µe µ???st?
t?? ??tas?? t?? µa???t???? t?? ped??? 50 nT
p?????ese µ?a sp???a se ??tas? ?e?µa???t???
?ata???da (Dst - 500 nT), t?? ?p??a? t? ?pt???
ap?t??esµa (aurora), ????e ??at? a??µ? ?a? st??
????a.
21
?a???t??? ??f?-Ge?µa???t???? ?ata???de?. ??
?p?d??se?? ????? st? d??st?µa ?a? st? ??
?st???a?te?.??se?? ap? ae??p????? ta??d?a (15
April 2001). ?atast??f? µetas??µat?st??
?.?.-??tetaµ??a blackout.??e?d?s? µeta??????
a????? µetaf???? pet?e?a??? ?a? f?s????
ae????.??s?e?t?????a ??e?t??????? s?st?µ?t??
e??????.
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
22
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
????? ?atast??f? µetas??µat?st? ?.?. µet? ap? t?
??f?? t?? 1989 ?a? t?? p??????e?sa? µa???t????
?ata???da?.
Serious damage of a HV transformer in Delaware
due to a magnetic cloud of 1989.
23
A. Geranios, M. Vandas, I. Antoniadou, O.
Zacharopoulou
Need for a heliocentric spacecraft