Separation%20of%20Mixtures

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Separation of Mixtures
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Separation of Mixtures

• Mixtures, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, can
  be separated by physical changes.

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Techniques used for separating mixtures

• Separation by physical properties
• Filtration
• Distillation
• Crystallization
• Evaporation to dryness
• Chromatography

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Separation by properties

• Physical characteristics such as color, size,
  density, magnetism, etc can be used to separate
  mixtures.
• Example separating iron from a mixture.
• separating a layer of oil from water
• separating red marbles from blue marbles

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Separation by filtration

• Heterogeneous mixtures composed of insoluble
  solids in liquids are easily separated by
  filtration.
• Equipment used during this process includes a
  funnel and filter paper.
• The liquid which passes through the filter paper
  is called the filtrate.
• Example sand in water

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Evaporation to dryness.

• Homogeneous mixtures composed of dissolved solids
  in a solvent can be separated by boiling off the
  liquid. The solute remains in the evaporating
  dish.
• Equipment required involves a hot plate and
  evaporating dish.
• Example salt dissolved in water

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Distillation

• Distillation is used to separate a solution of
  two liquids. It is based on differences in the
  boiling points of the two substances involved.
• When the solution is heated, the substance with
  the lowest boiling point boils and changes to a
  vapor. The vapor condenses as it passes through
  the condenser and is collected.
• Example separating water from the syrup in a
  coke.
• separating alcohol from water

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Distillation
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Crystallization

• A solution containing a dissolved solute can also
  be separated using crystallization.
• When the solution contains as much of the
  dissolved substance as possible, the addition of
  even a tiny amount can cause the dissolved
  substance to come out of solution and collect on
  any available surface.
• Example the making of rock candy from a sugar
  solution.

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Crystallization
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Chromatography

• Chromatography is a technique that separates two
  liquid components of mixture from each other
  based on the ability of each substance to travel
  up the surface of another material (called the
  stationary phase).
• The stationary phase is often a solid such as the
  chromatography paper.
• Components with the strongest attraction for the
  paper travel slower.
• Example separating dyes in food coloring

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Chromatography
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How would a mixture of two colorless liquids be
separated?

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Evaporation to Dryness
4. Filtration

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What is the most efficient way of separating a
non-dissolving solid from a liquid?

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Evaporation to Dryness
4. Filtration

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What technique should be used to separate a
mixture of red and blue marbles of the same size
and mass?

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Filtration
4. Separation by Properties

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How can you separate the components of paint?

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Evaporation to Dryness
4. Filtration

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How can you separate vinegar and oil?

1. Chromatography
2. Evaporation to Dryness
3. Filtration
4. Separation by Properties

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How would you separate vinegar from water?

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Evaporation to Dryness
4. Filtration

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Distillation results in the formation of solid
particles of a dissolved substance?

1. True
2. False

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Filtration depends on differences in sizes of
particles.

1. True
2. False

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Separations of mixtures depend on the chemical
properties of the substances involved.

1. True
2. False

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Chromatography depends on the different boiling
points.

1. True
2. False

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Evaporation to dryness can be used to separate
two liquids.

1. True
2. False

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