Anatomy and Physiology Terminology

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Anatomy and Physiology Terminology

• AKA ... a new language

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1st thing 1st

• Anatomical Position
• Standing erect, face forward, upper limbs (arms)
  at the side with the palms forward
• Right and left refer to body right and body
  left
• The body is the one we are talking about. Not
  yours, unless you are the one being discussed. -

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Relative Terms

• Describe the location of a body part with respect
  to another body part. So, they depend on other
  factors...
• 1st Set
• Superior body part closer to the head above
  the other
• Inferior body part is closer to the feet below
  the other

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Some more partners

• 2nd set
• Anterior (AKA ventral)- towards the front (belly
  side)
• Posterior (AKA dorsal) towards the back
• 3rd set
• Medial refers to an imaginary line that
  separates us into right and left sides it means
  towards the middle or this line
• Lateral towards the side of the body in respect
  to this imaginary line

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A few more...

• 4th set
• Proximal body part is closer to the point of
  attachment to the trunk than another body part
• Distal body part is farther from the point of
  attachment to the trunk than the other part
• 5th set
• Superficial (AKA peripheral)- situated near the
  surface
• Deep is more internal than another part

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Done with partners... Now we get to look at
sections!

• Three imaginary planes divide the body and are
  used to organize and give relative locations to
  internal parts
• Sagittal divides the body into right and left
  portions
• If on the midline called median or midsagittal
• Transverse (horizontal) divides body into
  inferior and superior sections
• Coronal (frontal) divides body into anterior and
  posterior sections

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A few more sections

• The previous sections can be used to divide
  organs as well.
• If the organ is a cylinder, such as a long bone,
  there are a few more.
• Cross section a cut across
• Oblique section an angular cut
• Longitudinal section lengthwise cut

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Body regions... Yep, they get special names, too.

• 1st up... the 9 regions of the abdominal area
• Epigastric region upper middle portion
• Left and Right Hypochondriac regions lie on
  either side of the epigastric region
• Umbilical region middle portion where the belly
  button is
• Left and Right Lumbar regions - either side of
  the umbilical region
• Hypogastric region lower middle portion
• Left and Right iliac (or inguinal) region
  either side of the hypogastric region

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Some more...

• The abdomen can be divided into only four
  quandrants, depends on what the doctor needs...
• Right and left upper quadrant
• Right and left lower quadrant

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Now, the list begins...

• Abdominal region between the thorax and the
  pelvis
• Acromial- the point of the shoulder
• Antebrachial the forearm (lower arm)
• Antecubital space in front of the elbow
• Axillary the armpit
• Brachial the arm
• Buccal the cheek

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It keeps going....

• Carpel the wrist
• Celiac the abdomen (go fig.. its got two names)
• Cephalic the head
• Cervical the neck
• Coxal the hip
• Crural the leg
• Cubital the elbow

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And going...

• Digital the finger
• Dorsal the back
• Femoral the thigh
• Frontal the forehead
• Gentital the reproductive organs
• Gluteal the buttocks
• Inguinal the depressed area of the abdominal
  wall near the thigh (groin)

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And going....

• Lumbar the lower back between the ribs and the
  pelvis
• Mammary the breast
• Mental the chin
• Nasal the nose
• Occipital the lower posterior region of the
  head
• Oral the mouth

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Still going...

• Orbital the eye cavity
• Otic the ear
• Palmar the palm of the hand
• Patellar the front of the knee
• Pectoral the chest
• Pedal- the foot
• Pelvic the pelvis
• Perineal the region between the anus and the
  external reproductive organs

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Until you're sick of them

• Plantar the sole of the foot
• Popliteal the area behind the knee
• Sacral the posterior region between the
  hipbones
• Sternal - the middle of the thorax, anteriorly
• Tarsal the instep of the foot
• Umbilical the navel
• Vertebral the spinal column

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