THE OPEN OCEAN Polar Seas and the Abyss

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THE OPEN OCEANPolar Seas and the Abyss

• Marine Biology

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The Open Ocean

• Also called the PELAGIC ZONE
• Covers 75 of the Earths surface
• Most organisms here never come across solid
  surfaces
• Phytoplankton (tiny plants) are the largest food
  source in the world
• Which is more fertile green sea water or blue
  sea water?
• green

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The Open Ocean
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The Open Ocean

• Many whales eat phytoplankton and krill
• They create bubble nests
• Blow tiny bubbles under water
• Bubbles rise, trapping krill
• Whales ambush from underneath
• Swallow the krill

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Polar Seas

• Two polar areas of the world
• Artic (north pole)
• Antarctic (south pole)
• ARCTIC
• Huge mass of ice
• Beneath the ice is the Atlantic ocean
• ANTARCTIC
• Huge land mass
• Land is frozen, covered with ice miles thick

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Polar Seas How Do Animals Survive?

• Fish are poikilothermic
• Cold blooded
• Water temps are below 4 degrees Celcius
• They should freeze solid
• These fish have a chemical adaptation
• Their blood contains antifreeze

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Polar Seas How Do Animals Survive?
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Polar Seas Seals

• All but a few species here are extinct
• hunting
• Ross seal
• rarest
• Weddell seal
• Can hold its breath for an hour
• Ringed seal
• Gives birth on the ice

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Polar Seas PENGUINS!!!!!!!!

• Most penguins live in warm water
• Penguins cant fly
• They are the only birds in the world that dont
  have hollow bones
• They have a blubber layer to keep warm
• Much heavier than other birds their size

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Penguins Love and romance

• Every year, thousands flock together in search of
  a mate. Once they pair up, they stay together, as
  a monogamous couple, until the chick is a year
  old.

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• The penguins travel up to 80 miles on foot to
  find a safe mating ground away from predators.
  They only produce one fertile egg per year so it
  is critical that the egg (and eventually the
  chick) is safe.

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• The couple will practice the transfer of the egg
  dozens of times before the actual egg is laid. If
  it isnt done right and the egg touches the
  frigid ice for too long

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• Then the egg will die.

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• Once the egg is safely transferred, the male will
  carry it on his feet for weeks, standing
  perfectly still or shuffling his feet, being
  careful to never let the egg touch the ice.

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• When the chick hatches, it will remain on the
  feet of the male until all of its downy feathers
  grow in and a blubber layer forms. The father
  will go months without eating. In the meantime,
  the mother is off collecting food.

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• When the chick is ready to be on its own, it
  will give a call

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• Then the male, female, and chick go their
  separate ways. Next year, they will do it all
  over again.
• THE END