Starter 10/8

1
Starter 10/8

• Classifying Items
• People organize or classify objects for different
  reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as
  grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan
  meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists
  classify organisms into groups that have similar
  characteristics, which makes the relationships
  among organisms easier to see.
• 1. Devise a classification system for the
  following items orange, lime, plum, apple,
  pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver.
• 2. Explain what criteria you used to place items
  into each category of your classification
  system.

2

• Matter
• anything that has mass and takes up space.

3
Properties

• Properties characteristics used to describe an
  object
• Ex. Mass, volume, color

4
Mass- is a measure of the amount of matter in
anobject.UNITS grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
Volume is a measure of how much space matter
takes up.UNITS- cm3 m3 OR mL L
5
Matter can be classified into two categories.

• 1. Pure Substances
• Element
• Compound
• 2. Mixture
• Solution (homogeneous)
• Suspension (heterogeneous)

6

• 1. Pure Substance
• Matter that ALWAYS has the same composition and
  properties.
• Ex. Every pinch of sugar will be equally sweet as
  the pinch before. Salt is another example.
• (Composition how something is put together)

7

• Elements
• Made of only one type of atom
• CAN NOT be broken down
• Can be solid, liquid or gas
• Ex. Hydrogen (H), Neon (Ne)

8

• Compounds
• Two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined in a
  specific ratio
• CAN be broken down
• Items in a compound take on new properties
• Ex. Salt (NaCl) Water (H2O)

9
Classifying Matter

• 2. Mixture
• two or more elements PHYSICALLY combined with no
  specific ratio
• No specific properties or distribution of parts
• NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

10

• Classified by how well it is mixed
• HOMOGENEOUS- very well mixed, cant pick out the
  parts
• ex. Iced tea, ocean water
• HETEROGENEOUS- not well mixed, easily notice
  different parts
• Ex. Salad, chex mix, sand

11

• Solutions when something dissolves to form a
  homogeneous mixture
• Transparent
• Kool aid, tap water, chlorine
• Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that
  separates over time
• salad dressing, oil and water

12
Starter 10/11
Combination item 1 item 2 after combination
1 Clear liquid Yellow liquid Red liquid
2 Black metal Clear liquid Metal on the bottom of the clear liquid

• Combinations of elements can be compounds OR
  mixtures
• In 1-2 lines, describe the difference between
  compounds mixtures
• 2. Make an inference which combination could be
  a mixture? Why?

13
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Can be used to identify a material
• Can be observed without measuring or changing the
  items composition

14

• Viscosity
• tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing
• Higher slower moving, thick
• Lower faster moving, thin/runny
• - Heat decreases viscosity
• Hardness-
• testing the strength by scratching it against
  something

15

• Conductivity
• allows heat or electricity through it
• Metals are good conductors
• Malleability
• Ability to hammer (mallet) out without breaking
• Opposite brittle

16

• Density d m/v
• amount of mass inside an objects shape
• Unit g/cm3
• Dense objects feel heavier because they have
  lots of matter tightly packed in their shape
• The density of water is1.0 g/cm3

17
FIND THE DENSITY

• The blocks mass is 90 g

Height (2 cm)
Width (3 cm)
Length (5 cm)
18

• Melting Point
• temperature when substances change from Solid ?
  liquid
• Boiling Point
• temperature when substances boil
• changes for each substance

19
Chemical Properties

• Chemical Property
• Allows substances to chemically react to other
  substances to form new substances

20

• Flammability
• ability to burn when oxygen is present
• Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid
  SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be
  flammable)
• Solids, liquids or gases.

21

• Reactivity-
• the ability to combine with another substance
  easily
• Oxygen reacts with most substances
• Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn
• Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added
  to reduce the other element side effects

22
Starter 10/24
SUBSTANCE DENSITY (g/cm3)
IRON 7.9
SALT 2.2
WATER 1.0
VEGETABLE OIL 0.92
AIR 0.0013
CORK .193

1. Which is the MOST dense item?
2. Which is the LEAST dense item?
3. Which items will float?
4. Draw a diagram of what a beaker might look like
   if you put water, oil and a cork in it.

23
Starter 10/10
24
Starter 10/11
Creating and Interpreting Graphs Many people have
pets. One survey of pet owners showed the
following breakdown of the type of pets owned
35 dogs 35 cats 10 birds 5 hamsters,
gerbils, mice, rats 5 reptiles and 10 other.
1. Copy the incomplete circle graph below on
your paper. Complete the graph using the
survey data. Estimate the angle of each
section of your completed circle graph. Give
your graph a title and label what each section
of the graph represents. 2. In 1-2 lines,
explain how viewing a graph might be easier for
the reader