Section I: The Threat of War Pages 660-667

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Section I The Threat of WarPages 660-667

• This section is about
• Events in the 1930s that led up to World War II,
  including Japans invasion of China, Italys
  invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war.
• How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in
  the late 1930s.
• Events in the 1930s that led up to World War II,
  including Japans invasion of China, Italys
  invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war.
• How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in
  the late 1930s.

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• The picture on 660/661 is very similar to what we
  saw with WWI (610/611).
• Lets look at page 660 (the writing).
• And, the timeline whats the biggest event for
  the United States?

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Rumblings of War in Asia and Europe

• Look at Main Ideas on page 662 (especially B).
• Germanys aggression and the rise of Adolph
  Hitler were only two of the problems in Europe at
  this time.
• The were also conflicts in China, Japan, Italy,
  and Spain.

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Japan Expands Into Asia

• Remember that China was having a civil war in the
  1930s Mao Zedong and the Communists against
  Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists.
• But, Japan was also causing some problems for
  China.
• Japan had been looking for an excuse to invade
  China.
• When there was an explosion at a Japanese owned
  railroad in Manchuria, the Japanese decided it
  was time (they probably set up the explosion
  themselves).
• They conquered Manchuria and set up a Japanese
  backed government.

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• Japan and Hideki Tojo (military leader) believed
  they had the right to rule Asia.
• While they were there, they might as well use the
  natural resources (Japan doesnt have many).
• The League of Nations told Japan to stop being so
  aggressive in Asia so Japan got mad at them and
  quit the group.
• One of the next cities Japan attacked was
  Nanjing. For 6 weeks after their victory, they
  rampaged through the city, torturing and
  murdering more than 300,000 men, women, and
  children.
• This made the two Chinese groups unite to fight
  the Japanese and it made them look real bad
  to the rest of the world.

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Italy Invades Ethiopia

• In Italy in the 1930s, Mussolini was
  humiliated that he didnt have too many rich
  colonies.
• He looked to expand his empire into Africa
  (Ethiopia) and eventually invaded them.
• The League of Nations issued some sanctions
  (penalties) against Italy, but most European
  nations wanted him as a friend (not an enemy), so
  they asked that the sanctions be lifted.
• The emperor of Ethiopia told Europe It is us
  today. It will be you tomorrow.

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Spain Fights a Civil WarIn the 1930s Spain also
had a civil war (fascism vs. democracy)

• The Nationalists
• Military, landowners and leaders of the Roman
  Catholic Church.
• Led by Francisco Franco (a Fascist).
• Looked to Italy and Germany for support
• Mussolini sent planes, tanks, ships, cannons,
  weapons, and soldiers to support attacks on the
  Spanish government.
• Germany sent 16,000 men.
• .

• The Loyalists
• Supported the existing government which had
  passed reforms helping poor people.
• Mainly workers, trade unionists and supporters of
  democracy.
• Asked for help from the U.S., France, and Great
  Britain.
• France sent 200 planes and 9,000 men.
• The U.S. and Britain sent food, clothing, and
  medical supplies (they didn't want to get Hitler
  or Mussolini mad at them).

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• As many as 60,000 volunteers came from around the
  world came to help the Loyalists.
• Even with all the help, they were weaker than the
  Nationalists.
• After 3 years, Franco had crushed the Loyalists.
• The United States, France and Great Britain all
  realized they regretted not helping more.
• Now there was another European country with a
  strong military dictatorship.
• This also gave German and Italian Soldiers some
  fighting practice.
• And, Hitler now had some access to Spains iron
  ore which could be used for

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Spanish Civil War Posters
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Pablo Picasso's famous painting revealed the
horrors of the Spanish Civil War. He created this
huge image in protest against the aerial bombing
and the catastrophic slaughter of civilians in
Guernica in 1937 by German bombers. Picasso used
symbols and images of broken people, with most of
the faces looking up to the sky from where the
bombs fell.
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Germany Plans for War

• In 1936, Hitler moved German soldiers into the
  Rhineland region of Germany.
• They werent supposed to be there (the Treaty of
  Versailles).
• Hitler didnt care and now he had a place to
  launch an attack on Europe from.
• That same fall he made alliances with Italy and
  Japan to back each other up.
• In 1937, Hitler announced Germany needed more
  room and he wanted to expand his country.
• But he also announced he wanted to be friends
  with the Soviet Union.

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Germany Takes Over Austria and Czechoslovakia

• Hitler's plan was to unite all German speaking
  countries Austria was one of those.
• Hitler forced Austrias government to put some
  Nazis in positions of power leading to their
  governments collapse.
• Hitler used Austrian money to build steel
  factories and supply his military forces.
• Hitler also wanted an area of Czechoslovakia (the
  Sudetenland - with 3 million German speaking
  people) so he took it.
• Great Britain and France were mad, but didnt do
  anything about it they didnt want to go to war
  over just that.

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The Munich Conference

• In September, 1938, leaders of G.B. and France
  met with Hitler and Mussolini.
• Their agreement ended up that Hitler got to keep
  the Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia
  would stay independent, but he agreed that would
  be all he wanted.
• This agreement was called appeasement.
• Can you trust Hitler? After the conference and
  he agreement, he almost immediately invaded
  Czechoslovakia eventually using their resources
  and weapons against the Allies

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Giving in to someones demands, hoping they wont
do anything worse.
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Nonaggression Pact with the Soviets

• Hitler knew he should only attack one enemy at a
  time.
• Thats why he made the agreement in Munich he
  wasnt ready to fight G.B. or France yet.
• He had to make sure the Soviet Union wouldnt get
  involved yet.
• In 1939, Hitler and Stalin made an agreement that
  they wouldnt invade each other (and secretly
  agreed theyd divide up the lands between them).

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• This worked out well for Hitlers plan.
• He didnt want to fight Russia in the east while
  he was busy with France and Great Britain in the
  west.
• Hitler hated the Slavs (believed they were an
  inferior race).
• Stalin detested Nazi Germany, but wanted the
  territories Hitler promised him.
• This also gave Stalin time to build up his
  military.
• Other European nations prayed Hitler would be
  happy with the lands he already had, and theres
  be no war.
• But, you cant trust Adolph Hitler..

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This is the last slide for today
Make sure page "A" is completed
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