????%20?????%20????????%20The%20Phytohormones

1
????????? ?????.? ???? ???????? ??????.? ?????
???? ??????.? ??? ?? ??? ?.? ???? ???? ???
?????? ????????? ???????
2
???? ????? ???????? The Phytohormones

• ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ??? ??
  ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??
  ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????
  ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????
  ??????????. ????? ???????? ????????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
  ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
  ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????
  ???????, ??????????, ???? ?????? ????????,
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????,
  ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????.

3
???? ????? ???????? The Phytohormones

• ?????? ??????? ????? Growth Regulators
• ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????
  ??????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???
  ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????
  ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????
  ????? ???????... ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??
  ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
  ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
  ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
  ???????.

4
???? ????? ???????? The Phytohormones

• ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????
  ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????.
• ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???-
• 1) ?????? ?????Growth regulators
• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? Growth
  substances ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????
  ???????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????
  ???? Promote ?? ????? inhibit ?? ???? modify
  ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????.

5
???? ????? ???????? The Phytohormones

• ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???-
• 2) ??????? ?????? Plant hormones ??
  phytohormones ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????
  ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??
  ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? - ???? - ????
  ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????
  ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??
  ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????
  ????????.

6
???? ????? ???????? The Phytohormones

• ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???-
• 1) ?????? ?? ?????? ????? Growth promoters
• 2) ?????? ?? ?????? ????? Growth retardants
• 3) ?????? ????? Growth inhibitors

7
?????????? Auxins

• ???????? ??????? (?????-3- ???? ??????) IAA
• ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????
  ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
  ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??
  ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??
  ???????? ???????.

8
?????????? Auxins

• ???????? ??????? (?????-3- ???? ??????) IAA

9
?????????? Auxins

• ?????????? ??????? Bioassays
• ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ????????? ???. ??? ?????????? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ???
• 1- ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.
• 2- ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.
• 3- ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.
• 4- ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

10
?????????? Auxins

• ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????
• 1- ??????? ?????? Cellular elongation .
• 2- ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  (???? ????? ??????).
• 3- ????? ?????? .
• 4- ??????????.

11
???????????? Gibberellins

• ????????? ??????????? ????????????
• 1- ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
  .
• 2- ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????
  (??????) ??? ????? ????????? .
• 3- ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????
  ??????? ?????????.
• 4- ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????.
• 5- ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
• 6- ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ?????? ??????.
• 7- ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????
  ??????? ???????.

12
???????????? Gibberellins

• ?????? ??????????
• ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??
  ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????
  ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

13
???????????? Gibberellins

14
????????????? Cytokinines

• ????????? ??????????? ?????????????
• ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????
  ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
  RNA ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? t-RNA ???
  ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????
  ???????? Transcripion? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
  ?????? DNA ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? .

15
????????????? Cytokinines

16
????????? Ethylene

• ????? ?????????
• ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????
  ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
  ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????
  ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? (CH2 CH -
  CooH) ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????
  ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????
  Decarboxylases .CH3H
• ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????
  (????????????) ???????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ????? (??? ???????????) ????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?????????.

17
????????? Ethylene

• ????????? ??????????? ????????
• 1- ????? ?????? Fruit ripening
• 2- ????? ?????? ???? ????????
• 3- ????? ???????
• 4- ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ????????
• 5- ????? ??????? ?? ??????
• 6- ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????

18
????????? Ethylene

19
?????? ????? Growth Retardants

• ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????
• ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??????. ?????????? ??????- 1618
  ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????.
  ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
  ?????????.

20
?????? ????? Growth Retardants

• ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????
  ???-
• 1- ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
• 2- ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ????????.
• 3- ????? ???????.
• 4- ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ????? ?? ??????? ????????.
• 5- ????? ????? ??????????.
• 6- ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????
  ??????? ??? ?????.
• 7- ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????.
• 8- ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

21
?????? ????? Growth Inhibitors

• ???? ??? ????????? Abscisic acid
• ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????
  ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??
  ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????
  ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
  ???????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???.

22
?????? ????? Growth Inhibitors

• ??? ????????? Abscisic acid

23
?????? ????? Growth Inhibitors

• ????? ?????????
• ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????
  ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ???
  ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????
  ????????.

24
?????? ????? Growth Inhibitors

• ?????- ?????? ???????? Anti auxins
• ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????????
  ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. (?????
  ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ????????).