Seed%20Plants

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Seed Plants

• BSC 2011L

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Seed Vascular Plants

• Among plants, these include the gymnosperms and
  angiosperms

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Reproductive differences in seedless vs. seed
plants

• Sporangia
• Seed plants have 2 types megasporangium,
  microsporangium
• Protection of egg
• Non- seed plants utilize an archegonium on the
  gametophyte to protect egg, sporophyte develops
  within archegonium
• Seed plants protect entire gametophyte within
  ovule (which will develop into seed)
• Transport of male gametophytes
• Non-seed plants use water for flagellated sperm
• Seed plants male gametophyte carried by wind
  (pollen)
• Sporophyte vs. gametophyte
• Non-seed sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
• Seed gametophyte dependent on sporophyte

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Plant Taxonomy, continued

• Refer to previous PowerPoint for Seedless plant
  taxonomy
• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Plantae
• Phylum Cycadophyta Cycads
• Phylum Ginkgophyta Ginkgos
• Phylum Gnetophyta Gnetophyta
• Phylum Coniferophyta Conifers
• Phylum Anthophyta Flowering Plants
• Class Eudicots Dicots
• Class Monocots Monocots

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Gymnosperms

• Naked Seed
• Ovules and seeds of gymnosperm are exposed on
  cone scale
• Microsporangia and megasporangia located on
  different cones, sometimes different plants
• Female cones are larger than male cones

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GymnospermsCycads

• Cone-bearing, palmlike plants found mainly in
  tropical and subtropical regions

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GymnospermsGinkgos

• Only 1 species survives today
• Usually only male trees are used since female
  trees produce smelly seeds

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GymnospermsGnetophytes

• Can grow as shrubs, trees, or vines

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GymnospermsConifers

• Largest group of gymnosperms
• Evergreens pines, hemlocks, spruces
• Nonevergreens cypress tree

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GymnospermsPine life cycle
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GymnospermsPine Cone

• Male small dots are pollen

• Female

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Angiosperms

• Dominant plants today
• Flowering Plants
• Microsporangia and Megasporangia located on same
  flower
• Double Fertilization
• Mature pollen grain contains 2 sperm
• 1 fertilizes egg
• Other joins 2 polar nuclei to form endosperm
  (food for embryo)

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AngiospermsMonocots vs. Dicots
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(No Transcript)
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Quiz yourself
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AngiospermsLife Cycle
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AngiospermsSeed Germination
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AngiospermsFruits

• Develops from ovary
• Ovary wall thickens to be pericarp
• 3 layers
• Exocarp skin of fruit
• Mesocarp fleshy part
• Endocarp boundary around seed
• Review Dichotomous key on page 287

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AngiospermsFruits

• Simple Fruits (develop from single ovary)
• Fleshy fruits
• Drupes cherry
• Berries grape, tomato
• Pomes apple
• Dry fruits
• Legumes pea
• Samaras maple
• Nuts oak, walnut
• Grains wheat, corn
• Achenes -- sunflower, dandelion

• Aggregate Fruits (develop from numerous ovaries
  within a single flower)
• Blackberries
• Raspberries
• Strawberries
• Multiple fruits (develop from a number of ovaries
  of several flowers)
• Pineapples
• Mulberries
• Figs