Cell Parts and Functions Flash Card Notes

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Cell Parts and FunctionsFlash Card Notes
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Plant Cell
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Animal Cell
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Cell Membrane

• Structure
• Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and
  carbohydrates
• Thin, flexible barrier
• Selectively Permeable
• Functions
• Separates cell from surroundings
• Regulates molecules into/out of cell (food,
  water, wastes, etc.)
• Found in all cells

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Cell Wall

• Structure
• Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) and proteins
• Rigid wall outside of cell membrane
• Function
• Support and protect
• Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other
  substances to pass through
• Found only in plant, fungi, and algae cells,
  NOT in animals

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Nucleus

• Function
• Stores DNA (chromatin), hereditary info for cell
• Controls cell activities
• Components
• Nuclear Envelope bilayer lipid membrane that
  surrounds nucleus and has pores or holes to allow
  materials to move in/out of nucleus
• Nucleolus Small dense region that makes
  ribosomes
• Found in plant and animal cells

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Ribosomes

• Most numerous cell part
• Structure
• Made of RNA and protein
• Function
• Synthesis of Proteins (make proteins)
• Found in plant and animal cells

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Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Structure
• Internal membrane system
• Stacks of flattened sacs
• Rough has ribosomes- gives a bumpy appearance
• Smooth no ribosomes- looks smooth

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Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (contin.)

• Function
• Intracellular highwaymoves molecules around the
  cell
• Rough chemically changes proteins made by
  ribosomes, sends proteins to Golgi for export
• Smooth synthesizes lipids and cell membrane
  parts, detox
• Found in plant and animal cells

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Golgi Apparatus

• Structure
• Stacks of flattened membranes
• Function
• Processing, packaging, and secreting proteins
• Attach carbs and lipids to proteins
• Send proteins to their final destinations
• Found in plant and animal cells

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Lysosome

• Structure
• Small sac which contains hydrolytic enzymes
• Not in plants
• Functions
• Digest proteins, carbs, and lipids, DNA or RNA in
  cell
• Removes debris digests old organelle or viruses
  and bacteria

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Vacuole

• Structure
• Large sac filled with enzymes, water, and
  wastes
• In plants VERY large takes up most of cell
• In animals small store extra materials
• Function
• Storage
• Vesicles small vacuoles involved in transporting
  substances within cells

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Chloroplast

• Structure
• Saclike structure that contains chlorophyll (a
  green pigment)
• Function
• Photosynthesis Changes sunlight energy to sugar
• Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria
• NOT found in animals

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Mitochondria

• Structure
• Has 2 membranes
• Function
• Cellular Respiration releases energy from food
  molecules to power cell (growth, movement,
  development, etc.)
• Found in plant and animal cells

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Centrioles

• Structure A pair of small
• organelles made of
• microtubuless
• Function Help in the formation of the spindle
  fibers used in cell division
• Only found in animal cells