Cellular Structure

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Cellular Structure
Biology Mr. Foster
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• Write what is underlined

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Components of Cells

• Nucleus-
• 2. Outer Boundary-
• 3. Cytoplasm / Organelles- cellular contents and
  specialized structures that carry out functions
  of the cell

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Nucleus

• Prokaryote- cell w/o nucleus
• (DNA in neucleoid)
• Eukaryote- cell with nucleus
• Functions
• Contains genetic inform.
• Control Center- directs all cellular activity

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Nucleus (cont.)

• Structure / Components-
• Nuclear envelope- regulate what enters and leaves
  nucleus (Nuclear pores)
• Nucleolus- makes ribosomes
• Genetic Material- DNA
• Chromatin DNA uncoiled, threadlike, Not
  Divisional
• Chromosomes DNA is condensed, Divisional

Clicker ?s 1-4
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Outer Boundary

• Cell membrane- selective boundary
• All cells have a cell membrane
• Cell wall
• give plant and bacteria cells
• structure

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Cell Membrane (cont.)

• Structure- Fluid Mosaic Model
• Phospholipids
• Phospholipid bilayer
• forms membrane

Phosphate- likes H2O (hydrophilic)
Lipid- does not like H2O (hydrophobic)
Clicker ?s 5 6
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Cell Membrane (cont.)

• Structure provided to membrane by
• 4. Cytoskeleton supports the membrane
• a. microfilaments - strength, anchor cells
• b. microtubules movement

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Cytoskeleton
Clicker ?s 7-9
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Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm space between nucleus and cell
  membrane
• Cytosol semitransparent jellylike substance
  that surrounds organelles

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Organelles- little organ

• Endoplasmic Reticulum-
• Transports materials through inside of cell
• Modifies proteins and quality control center
• Types of ER
• Rough ER
• Has ribosome attached
• Proteins to be sent outside cell
• Smooth ER
• No ribosomes
• Make lipids, detox cell

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Organelles (cont.)

• Ribosome-
• Synthesize proteins
• Free vs. attached

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Organelles (cont.)

• Mitochondria
• Provides energy for the cell ATP
• Cellular respiration
• Own DNA
• Endosymbiont Theory
• Free living organism that
• entered a relationship w/
• Nucleated cells
• Inherited from mother only
• Folds increase surface
• area

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Organelles (cont.)

• Lysosomes
• Membrane bounded sacs that contain enzymes
• Clean up cell
• Lysosomal Storage disease
• (Tay Sachs)- missing the
• enzyme that breaks down the
• lipid that surrounds the nerve
• cell
• Buries the nervous system

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Organelles (cont.)

• Centrioles
• Function in cell division
• Organize spindle fibers

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Organelles (cont.)
Clicker ? 10-16

• Golgi Apparatus - (Golgi bodies) modifies, sorts,
  and ships proteins in packages called vesicles.

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Plant Cells Contain Some Structures That Animal
Cells Lack

• Plant cells have three additional structures that
  are not found in animal cells.
• A cell wall
• Several chloroplasts
• Central vacuole
• These three structures are shown in the plant
  cell to the right.

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Cell Transport

• Passive energy not required to move material
  across membrane
• Diffusion molecules move from high to low
  concentration to reach equilibrium

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Cell Transport

• Passive Transport (cont)-
• Osmosis type of diffusion involving H2O
  molecules only

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Cell Transport (cont.)

• Active Energy required to move materials across
  membrane
• Low to High concentration
• Ion pumps/Channels- Cl-, Na, K, Ca
• Endocytosis / Exocytosis membrane forms pockets
  to move material

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Endocytosis / Exocytosis
Clicker ?s 17-20