Food%20for%20Thought

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Food for Thought
Interest Grabber
Section 20-1

• What do you do when you get hungry? You probably
  go in search of food. Different organisms have
  different ways of obtaining the nutrients they
  need to live.

1. How does an animal obtain food? 2. How does a
plant obtain food? 3. Predict how a
microorganism described as plantlike might
behave.
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Concept Map
Section 20-1
Protists
are classified by
which include
which
which
which
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On the Move
Interest Grabber
Section 20-2

• Think about the last time you watched a puppy at
  play, a fish in an aquarium, or a squirrel in the
  park. They dont stay still for long. How do they
  get where they are going?

1. List five different ways in which animals can
move from place to place. 2. What structures do
these animals have that enable them to
move? 3. What structures might a microorganism
need in order to move?
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How Are Protists Classified

• Mainly by the way they move, how they obtain
  nutrients (animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like)
• Movement pseudopods, cilia, flagella
• Obtaining Nutrients autotrophic (plant-like)or
  heterotrophic (animal-like, fungus- like)

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Section Outline
Section 20-2

• 202 Animallike Protists Protozoans
• A. Sarcodines
• B. Ciliates
• C. Sporozoans- Animallike Protists and Disease
• 1. Malaria
• Other Protistan Diseases
• D- Zooflagellates

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Life Processes and Lifestyle of a Sarcodines

• Cell Type Eukaryotic, unicellular
• Where they live water environment (freshwater
  and marine)
• Mode of Nutrition Heterotrophs, engulfs food
• Reproduction mainly asexually
• Movement Pseudopods via cytoplasmic streaming
• Examples Ameoba

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Sarcodine Example Amoeba-
Section 20-2
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• The Ameoba

• Main Structures
• Pseudopods false feet- uses them to move by
  cytoplasmic streaming. Also uses pseudopods to
  engulf food.
• Nucleus control center, hereditary info
• Food Vacuole stores food and nutrients
• Contractile vacuole regulates the amount of
  water and pumps out excess water and wastes

Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods
Nucleus
Food vacuole
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Watch the ameoba movement

• Ameoba

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The Ciliates

• Cell Type unicellular, eukaryotic
• Where they live Water environment
• Movement cilia short hair-like projections,
  similar to flagella that allow them to swim in
  their environment
• Mode of Nutrition heterotrophic- cilia sweeps in
  food from their surroundings, or food can enter
  through an oral groove
• Reproduction mainly asexual, can also by
  conjugation
• Mostly free living not parasitic
• Examples stentor, paramecium

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Figure 20-5 A Ciliate
Section 20-2
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• Cilia- hairlike projections that aid in movement
  of the organism
• Trichocysts- small bottle-shaped structures used
  for defense.
• Two nuclei- Micronucleus (cell divison)
  Macronucleus
• Oral groove collects and directs food into
  gullet
• Gullet- An indentation in one side of the
  organism that collects food.
• Contractile Vacuoles- specialized to collect
  water.
• Endoplasm cytoplasm toward the middle of the
  cell

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The Blepharisma- Another ciliate
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• Paramecium life

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Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans

• Cell Type eukaryotic and unicellular
• Mode of Nutrition heterotrophic (parasitic).
  Complete part of their life processes within a
  host cell
• Movement can not move by themselves. Rely on the
  host vector for transport, but can move within
  the vector
• Reproduction asexually within the host cell cell

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Diseases that Sporozoans cause

• Malaria
• Caused by the the sporozoan named Plasmodium
  vivax
• Plasmodiums host is the mosquito
• Can use chloroquinine to help treat it
• Malaria Reading

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Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium
Section 20-2
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Zooflagellates

• Cell Type Unicellular, eukaryotic
• Mode of Nutrition Heterotrophic
• Movement flagella
• Where they live water and fluid environments
• Reproduction Asexual
• Examples
• Trypanosoma Causes African Sleeping Sickness,
• Trichonympha found indigestive system of
  termites

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Plant- like protists

• Cell Type some unicellular, some multicellular
  (algae), eukaryotic
• Mode of Nutrition AUTOTROPHIC contains
  chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. Some can
  be heterotrophic when light is not present
• Movement some have flagella, some have cilia
• Where they live aquatic environments, soil, some
  live in colonies
• Reproduction mainly asexual, but some sexual
  (alternation of generations, spores)

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Types of Plant Like Protists

• Algae- are at the base of aquatic food chains (3
  types- green, brown, and red)
• Euglenoids
• Dinoflagellates
• Diatoms
• Examples volvox, spirogyra (spiral shaped
  chloroplast), euglena

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Interesting Facts About Plant Like Protists

• They produce much of the oxygen in aquatic
  environments
• Algae are protist not plants! Just because its
  green doesnt mean that its a plant.
• Some plant like protists are found in
  toothpastes, pudding, salad dressing that are
  used as thickeners.

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Video
Video
Algae

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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Euglena
Section 20-3
Chloroplast
Carbohydrate storage bodies
Gullet
Pellicle
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
Eyespot
Flagella
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• 2 Flagella
• No Cell Wall
• Red Eye Spot to detect light
• Contains chloplas to carry out photosynthesis
• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not
  available
• Pellicle stiff outer membrane

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• 2 Flagella
• No Cell Wall
• Red Eye Spot to detect light
• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not
  available
• Pellicle stiff outer membrane

Pellicle
Eyespot
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Important euglena structures

• Pellicle- stiff outer membrane
• Contractile vacuole- regulates and pumps excess
  water and wastes
• Chloroplast- site of photosynthetic activity
• Flagella- movement
• Eyespot- helps to detect the light
• Nucleus- hereditary, genetic material

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Fungus-like Protists

• Cell Type eukaryotic, unicellular majority of
  time
• Mode of Nutrition heterotrophic, decomposers
• Reproduction asexual and sexual stages by spores
• Where they live water or moist environments,
  decaying plants and trees
• Movement can all move at some point, some have
  pseudopods (slime mold)
• Commonly called slime molds and water molds.
  Water molds responsible for the Irish Great
  Potato Famine, can destroy crops
• Examples Acrasiomycota - Cellular Slime Mold,
  Myxomycota - Acellular Slime Mold, Oomycetes-
  Water mold

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• Water Mold
• And slime mold

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Internet
Go Online

• Links on funguslike protists
• Interactive test
• Articles on protists
• Articles on protozoans
• For links on protists, go to www.SciLinks.org and
  enter the Web Code as follows cbn-6201.
• For links on algae, go to www.SciLinks.org and
  enter the Web Codeas follows cbn-6204.