Earth%20and%20Space%20Science

1
Earth and Space Science
2
Astronomers have formulated many models of the
solar system over time. Ptolemys early
geocentric model gave away Copernicus
heliocentric model on which the modern solar
system model is based. Which statement best
describes why models of the early Ptolemy solar
system were replaced by the Copernican model?

1. Computers are better able to develop scientific
   models than humans are.
2. A more precise age has been established for the
   formation of the solar system.
3. More direct observations have enabled scientists
   to change solar system models.
4. Scientists established that a different set of
   laws govern the motion of our solar system then
   govern the motion of other solar systems.

3
The Arctic tundra has an annual temperature range
of -34C to 12C. Annual precipitation ranges
from 15 cm to 25 cm. Based on these conditions,
what characteristics does the Arctic tundra
exhibit?

1. High nutrients
2. Low biodiversity
3. Long growing season
4. Small population changes

4
Methane (CH40 from Ohios Rose Valley coal mine
has successfully been used to power fuel cells.
Since the fuel used in these cells is not burned,
using methane from the mine will help to

1. Increase the concentration of atmospheric ozone.
2. Reduce public demand for alternative fuel
   sources.
3. Increase public awareness of global warming
   issues.
4. Reduce pollutants commonly associated with fossil
   fuel combustion.

5
In most areas of Ohio, the frost free growing
season is 150-180 days. Farms close to Lake Erie
have a growing season closer to 200 days. One
explanation of this fact is

1. Crops grown around the lake are frost-resistant.
2. Industries around the lake prevent early freezes.
3. Irrigation water from the lake freezes at a lower
   temperature.
4. Heat given off by the lake extends the number of
   frost-free days.

6
The 19th century hypothesis that sedimentary
strata were laid down in chorological order had
what immediate impact of geologic theory?

1. It provided proof of continental drift.
2. It provided calibration of data derived from
   radioactive decay.
3. It caused geologists to reconsider estimates
   about Earths age.
4. It allowed geologists to better understand
   tectonic plate movement.

7
Which property of a star can be determined most
directly from its color?

1. Mass
2. Diameter
3. Precise age
4. Surface temperature

8
A driver traveling from the coniferous region to
the tundra region would most likely observe

1. A decrease in air quality.
2. A decrease in biodiversity.
3. An increase in deciduous tree species.
4. An increase in nighttime temperatures.

9
In Aristotles treatise On Meteorology, he stated
that The same parts of the Earth are not always
moist or dry, but they change accordingly as
rivers come into existence and dry up. And so the
relation of land to sea changes too and a place
does not always remain land or sea throughout all
time, but where there were dry land there comes
to be sea, and where there is now sea, there one
day comes to be dry land Aristotle were
referring to the

1. Depletion of natural resources.
2. Cyclic nature of Earth processes.
3. Relationship between latitude and climate.
4. Effects of humans on biogeochemical cycles.

10
What evidence has been used to support the theory
of plate tectonics?

1. The Grand Canyon runs in the same direction as
   the mid-Atlantic ridge.
2. There are deserts in the western parts of North
   and South America.
3. The same fossils species are found in South
   America and Africa.
4. Glacial till covers parts of the Northern United
   States and Asia.

11
The early development of the theory of plate
tectonics were supported by which of these
observations?

1. Matching fossils on the continents of Africa and
   South America
2. Glacier deposits far from existing continental
   glaciers.
3. Think sediment layers at the mouths of rivers.
4. Sudden volcanic activity of long-dormant
   volcanoes.

12
What type of energy from the oceans is
responsible for weather patterns?

1. Electrical
2. Magnetic
3. Mechanical
4. Thermal

13
When examining the red shift of galaxies outside
our own, every galaxy appears to be moving away
from the observer. This observation supports the
Big Bang Theory because it indicates

1. Our galaxy is not moving.
2. The universe is expanding.
3. Most galaxies have the same mass.
4. Earth is at the center of the universe.

14
Our solar system is thought to have formed from a
nebula of dust and gas. Most of this nebula
condensed to form the sun. What is the primarily
responsible for causing these materials to
condense?

1. Electrical attraction between charged dust
   particles.
2. Gravitational pull of nebula materials on each
   other.
3. Heat released by nuclear fusion at the center of
   the nebula.
4. Chemical reactions between hydrogen and other
   nebula gases.