Water Underground

1
Water Underground

• Section 5
• Pages 68-74

2
Underground Layers

• Where does underground water come from?
• Do you recall what happens to precipitation when
  it falls to Earth?

3
Underground Layers

• The rain water that soaks into the ground
  trickles downward, following the pull of gravity.
  

• What happens when you pour water into the pitcher
  of pebbles?

4
Underground Layers

• The water will trickle down around the pebbles
  until it reaches the bottom of the pitcher. Then
  the water will fill up the spaces between the
  pebbles.
• In the same way, water underground trickles down
  between particles of soil and through cracks and
  spaces in layers of rock.

5
Pore Space

• Different types of rock and soil have different
  sized spaces, or pores, between their particles.
  
• How easily water moves through the material
  depends on
• size of the pores
• whether or not the
• pores are connected

6
Permeable

• Materials that allow water to easily pass
  through, or permeate, are called permeable.
• Examples sand and gravel

7
Impermeable

• Water will eventually reach layers of material
  that it cannot pass through. These materials have
  few or no pores or cracks for water to flow
  through.
• Materials that water cannot pass through easily
  are called impermeable materials.
• Examples clay and granite

8
Permeable vs. Impermeable
9
Trapped Water!

• Once water reaches an impermeable layer it is
  trapped! Where can it go?
• The water will start to fill up the spaces above
  it, the permeable layers it just soaked through.
  

10
More Vocabulary

• saturated zone the area of permeable rock or
  soil that is totally filled, or saturated with
  water
• water table the top of the saturated zone
  (where you dig to strike groundwater!)
• unsaturated zone the layer of rocks and soil
  above the water table (the pores here contain air
  and water)

11
Words Worth Knowing (ISN55)

• pore
• permeable
• impermeable
• saturated zone
• water table
• unsaturated zone

12
Underground Water Part 2
13
Aquifers

• Any underground layer of rock or sediment that
  holds water is called an aquifer.
• The water in an aquifer is in motion, seeping
  through the layers of rock.
• Speed of the water is determined by
• Slope of aquifer
• How permeable
• the rocks are

14
Porosity Gizmo http//www.explorelearning.com/ 

• Two students are given cubic boxes measuring 10
  cm on a side. Patrick puts a single glass marble
  with a diameter of 10 cm in the box. Susan puts
  1,000 1-cm glass marbles in her box.
• Q. Whose box has more empty space? Explain.
• Q. Whose box will be heavier? Explain.

15
Aquifers

• Aquifers can range in size from a small
  underground patch of permeable material to a HUGE
  area the size of several states.
• Millions of people obtain their drinking water
  from the Ogallala aquifer.

16
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17
Aquifers

• Ogallala Clip, Kansas Farmers
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vXXFsS94HF08

18
Bringing Groundwater to the Surface

• The level of the water table generally follows
  the shape of the underground rock layers.
• The depth of the water table can vary greatly
  depending upon the weather.

19
Bringing Groundwater to the Surface

• How does water actually get to the surface?
• In places where the water table meets the ground
  surface, water seeps onto the surface.
• The groundwater may feed a stream or pond, or
  form a wetland.
• People can also bring groundwater to the surface.
  

20
Wells

• People can obtain groundwater from an aquifer by
  drilling a well below the water table.
• Long ago, people dug wells by hand and used a
  bucket to bring up water.
• Today, most wells are dug with well-drilling
  equipment with pumps bringing the water to the
  surface.

21
Wells

• Can a well run dry?
• Yes! Pumping too much water out too fast can
  cause the well to run dry.
• What can you do if it runs dry?
• Either dig deeper or wait for the aquifer to
  recharge (rainfall).
• Recharge new water that enters the aquifer from
  the surface

22
Artesian Wells

• www.youtube.com/watch?vKMtEQqbi4CI
• Artesian well a well in which water rises
  because of pressure within the aquifer
• There is a great deal of pressure on water that
  is trapped between two layers of impermeable
  material. Puncture the top layer and you strike
  water!

23
Springs

• Springs where groundwater bubbles or flows out
  of cracks in the rock
• Groundwater can seep, flow or erupt onto the
  surface.
• Water is usually at normal temperatures but some
  springs contain warm water that has been heated
  below the surface.
• Yellowstone has hot springs. Also, Warm Springs,
  Georgia and Hot Springs, Arkansas do too!

24
Geysers

• Geyser a type of hot spring from which the
  water bursts periodically into the air
• Geysers form when very hot water deep underground
  begins to rise through cracks in the rock. Heated
  gases and bubbles of steam are forced up by the
  pressure of the hot water.
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v_gyhvqbIaOE

25
South Lyon, Michigan
26
South Lyon Aquifer

• The City of South Lyon's water system is serviced
  by three (3) wells ranging in depth from 120 to
  125 feet deep. They have a one million gallon
  ground storage tank with a 500,000 gallon
  elevated water tower which supplies water
  pressure to the City at 60-70 psi.
• Huron River Watershed
• Credit http//www.southlyonmi.org/1/223/water.asp

this is not the South Lyon water tower
27
South Lyon Aquifer

• Mr. Bob Martin and his crew
• http//vimeo.com/63817554

28
Words Worth Knowing (ISN55)

• aquifer
• recharge
• artesian well
• springs
• geysers
• You should have 28 words worth knowing