Wood%20Turning

1
Wood Turning

• Wood turnings are produced on a wood lathe.
• Various types of turning tools supported on a
  tool rest are used to produce different shapes.
• Chair legs, bowls, lamp bases, and stair
  balusters are examples of items shaped on the
  wood lathe.

2
Wood Lathe
Headstock
Tailstock

• Size of a wood lathe is determined by its Swing
  the largest diameter stock that can be turned.
• Bed length is the maximum distance between the
  headstock tailstock centers.
• A standard size lathe is one with a 12 inch swing
  48 inch bed.

3
LATHE ACCESSORIES
4 Jaw Chuck Independent Jaws For irregular
shaped Work-pieces
3 Jaw Chuck For fast clamping of stock. Self
centering of stock.
Cup Center Mounted in tailstock to hold Work
between centers. Used for longer stock lengths.
4
Lathe Accessories
Spur Drives Chisel Points Mounted on Headstock
spindle to drive work piece (rotate work). Center
point of stock must be located First before
mounting spur drives.
5
Lathe Accessories
Face Plates Used to drive work by screwing work
to face plate then mounting on spindle. Good for
turning short work like bowls.
Straight Tool Rest Used to rest lathe cutting
tools on While turning work. Good for long
work-pieces.
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Lathe Accessories
90 Degree Angle Tool Rest
For shallow Bowls
Deep Curved Tool Rest
For deeper Interior work
Other tool rest styles
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Turning Tools
PARTING
GOUGE
SKEW
ROUND NOSE
SPEAR
FLAT NOSE

• There are six basic shapes of turning tools used
  on the lathe.
• They are available in various widths, thickness
  and lengths.
• Turning tools cut best when hollow-ground.

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GOUGE

• Used to cut rough stock to a cylindrical shape.
• For rapid material removal.
• Does not produce a smooth surface.

9
SKEW

• Used to make finishing or smoothing cuts to
  square shoulders.
• Tool is placed flat on the tool rest with the
  bevel down.
• A skew scrapes rather than cuts the wood.

10
Round Nose, Spear Point Flat Nose
ROUND
FLAT
SPEAR

• Used when the tool shape fits the contour of the
  work.
• These also make scraping cuts and are held flat
  against the tool rest when used.

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PARTING TOOL

• This tool is used to cut off or part wood.
• It can also be used to face off the end of wood.
• Wood that is being parted must be held in a chuck
  or face plate.
• Never attempt to part a piece of wood mounted
  between centers.

12
Wood Selection

• Must be suitable for its intended use.
• Woods commonly used for turning include, birch,
  mahogany, hard maple, oak walnut.
• Structural work-pieces should be kiln dried, have
  straight grain with few defects.
• Decorative pieces such as bowls can use woods
  with defects wild grain patterns to enhance
  their appearance.

13
Gluing Stock For Turning

• Gluing is sometimes needed to achieve desired
  stock size.
• Also used to stabilize a product.
• (less shrinkage or cracking)
• Only flat surfaced stock should be glued together
  so separation does not occur during the cut.
• Different types of wood can be glued together to
  give a decorative appearance.
• Scrap stock can be glued to good stock for
  faceplate turnings keeps screws from damaging
  finished product.

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Gluing Continued

• A piece of notebook paper can be glued between
  faceplate turnings to help separate them later.
• Special adhesives called cyanoacrylates are used
  by professional craftsmen to glue defects like
  loose knots in wood turnings. (very hazardous
  dries almost instantly)

15
Procedures for Turning

• For spindle turning
• Stock should be about 1 longer than completed
  length.
• Diagonal lines should be made on each end of the
  work-piece to locate centers.
• Diagonal cuts apprx. 1/8 deep should be cut on
  one end for spur drive.
• Stock greater than 2 thick should have corners
  cut off on table saw or jointer reducing amount
  of stock to be roughed turned.
• Tool rest should be set parallel to and 1/8 away
  from work-piece and on center.

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• For Headstock Turning
• Select stock size needed for work-piece.
• Select smaller piece of scrap to glue to
  work-piece and attach to faceplate.
• Cut both pieces to a circular shape.
• Screw assembly to face plate.
• Thread on face plate to spindle nose of lathe.
• Adjust tool rest to center and 1/8 away from
  work-piece.
• Turn work by hand to check for clearance.
• Turn work-piece.