The Greek Mind

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The Greek Mind

• Chapter 10.2

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Greek Thinkers

• 500 B.C. to 350 B.C was known as the Golden Age
  of Greece.
• Art, architecture, literature, and philosophy
  thrived
• Philosophy is a Greek word meaning love of
  wisdom

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The Sophists

• Sophists were teachers that traveled from one
  polis to another.
• They taught all subjects, including rhetoric, the
  art of speaking and debate.
• Didnt believe the gods had power over humans
• Challenged Greek traditions
• Taught winning was better than seeking the truth

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Socrates

• Lived in Athens and trained to be a sculptor
• Loved philosophy and teaching
• Believed in absolute truth and knowledge is in
  everyone
• Didnt leave written records but students wrote
  about him
• Asked questions as teaching strategy Socratic
  method
• Wanted students to question and think for
  themselves

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Socrates

• After Peloponnesian War, open debate wasnt
  trusted in Athens
• Leaders feared his influence
• Arrested in 399 B.C. and charged with encouraging
  the young to rebel
• Found guilty and sentenced to death by poison
• He was given the opportunity to leave Athens, but
  refused saying he had to follow the law.

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Plato

• Student of Socrates
• Quit career in government after death of Socrates
• Became a teacher and founded the Academy in
  Athens
• Wrote The Republic, plan for society and
  government
• Wanted philosopher kings to rule
• Didnt think common people could think for
  themselves
• Believed women should have more rights

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Aristotle

• 335 B.C. started the Lyceum school
• Taught the golden mean, live moderately
• His methods of studying science influenced modern
  science
• Wrote Politics, a book on government
• Believed best government had features of
  monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy
• Influenced later governments including the U.S.
• Alexander the Great was his student

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Greeks and History

• Herodotus
• 435 B.C. wrote a history of the Persians Wars
• Father of history
• Researched the events and questioned many people
• Still believed gods played a role in events

• Thucydides
• Wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War
• Believed on people made history
• Wanted eyewitness accounts
• Believed one could learn from mistakes of the past

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The First Scientists

• Believed natural events could be explained by
  logic
• Thales studied astronomy
• Pythagoras believed every relationship could be
  expressed in numbers.
• Pythagorean Theorem

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Ancient Greek Medicine

• Hippocrates father of medicine
• Believed disease was from natural causes
• Traveled all over Greece treating the sick
• Hippocratic Oath list of rules for doctors on
  how to treat patients
• Doctors today use the Hippocratic Oath