Unit 3 Test Review

1
Unit 3 Test Review

• Chapters 7 8

2
Plato

• Who compared the good to the sun?
• He believed the closest we come to the good is in
  contemplation.
• He believed that philosophers were closest to the
  good.
• In his work The Republic he taught that the ideal
  city-state would be ruled by philosopher-kings.
• Struggled against the teachings of sophism it
  argued that there is no truth, moral values were
  relative.

3
Aristotle

• Believed that philosophers were most likely to
  succeed in search for happiness and the good.
• Thought his teachers view of the good was too
  abstract.
• Taught
• Absolute good can only be found in God.
• Good is inscribed by God into the nature of all
  things.
• To find the good find its purpose.
• Good found in the middle ground, not in extremes
• Highest form of happiness to live an ethical
  life.
• To engage ethically is to engage our capacity to
  reason.

4
St. Thomas Aquinas

• Made extensive use of Aristotles teachings.
• Agreed with Aristotle the ethical comes from the
  end inscribed in all creatures.
• God is the highest good.
• Believed in a fuller happiness called
  Blessedness found only in a loving vision of
  God.
• People live the good life by using intelligence
  senses, desires,

5
Name the Cardinal Virtue

• How to act well in relation to others
• Justice
• How to balance ones exercise of the emotions.
• Temperance
• (Moderation)
• How to reason well in moral decision-making
• Prudence
• How to face lifes difficulties, the mean between
  being foolhardy and cowardly
• Courage
• Fortitude

6
Emmanuel Levinas

• The infinite Good, who is God, is a the heart of
  ethics
• The other calls one to the highest good.

7
Immanuel Kant

• Good is only good if done out of duty
• An act is not moral if you enjoy doing it.
• Reason dictates what is good.
• The only good is a good will.
• Never use a person as a means

8
Whose ethics was deontological?

• Immanuel Kant

9
Who taught a teleological ethics?

• Aristotle
• St. Thomas Aquinas

10
Catholicisms 3 ways of pursuing the good?

• Teleological
• Natural ethics
• Deontological
• Obligation duty
• Follow the teachings of the Gospel.

11
The communion of the saints

• There are no recipes since were all unique
• These people provide standards of excellence that
  we can follow in our own lives.

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Virtues

• Firm attitudes
• Stable dispositions
• Habitual perfections
• Govern our actions
• Order our passions
• Guide our actions according to reason faith
• Make possible ease self-mastery in leading a
  good life
• Are acquired by human effort

13
Temperance

• Connected to taking proper care of oneself
• Touches on the basic appetites and passions
• Part of ones desire for self-preservation
• Is a love that is life-giving selfless

14
Chastity

• Shows
• Respect
• Reverence
• Patience
• Selflessness
• Maturity
• The integration of ones sexuality, an
  apprenticeship in self-mastery
• Reflects the classic rule about sexuality
• Unitive procreative

15
Solicitude

• Anxious concern for the other
• Arises out of a regard for the other

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Institutions

• Stable sets or systems of meanings, beliefs
  values that promote our search for the good.
• Give structure to our societal expectations
• The backbone of the common good
• Spaces for acting together, where justice
  equality are central
• E.g.,
• Family
• The state
• Health Care
• Churches
• Market economy

17
LAW

• The highest expression of a norm of action.
• Requires
• One (or more) to make it
• A specific directive of action
• Consideration for the common good
• Being intended for a specific group
• obligation

18
Canon Law (Ecclesiastical Law)

• Interpretation of Divine or Gods Law
• Guides practice and teaching of the Church

19
The Common Good

• Focuses on the general well-being of all in
  society
• Seeks to meet the needs of all people
• Protects the freedom of all

20
Apply generally in all circumstances

• E.g.,
• You shall not murder
• Always be just
• The Golden Rule
• Absolute Rules

21
Generally Binding Rules

• Apply in all circumstances unless another
  compelling rule is in conflict

22
Nuggets of wisdom?

• Maxims
• Proverbs

23
Natural Law

• Written engraved on the soul
• Written within our capacity to reason
• is the light of understanding placed in us by
  God.

24
1st principle of natural law

• The principle of synderesis
• Do good and avoid evil.

25
Name the Theological Virtues

• Faith
• Hope
• Love
• Caritas or charity

26
Good Law (characteristics of)

• Based on reason
• Promulgated
• By legitimate authority
• For the common good