Plumbing Unit

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Plumbing Unit
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What is a plumbing system?

• Plumbing includes all the piping and fixtures
  that provide water for drinking, cooking,
  bathing, and laundry as well as a means of
  disposing of wastewater.

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Putting in a plumbing system takes a lot of
thought.When a house is being built,
plumbers and carpenters must work together so the
frame of the house is prepared for plumbing to be
put in.
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• Plumbing can be dangerous, so there are codes
  that must be followed in order to keep everyone
  safe.
• A code is a set of rules that can be enforced by
  law!!!

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Codes

• Why is it important to follow codes?
• If it is not up to code it will not pass
  inspection and will have to be torn out and
  redone becoming very costly.
• If it is poorly designed then it will not work
  well and owner will be unsatisfied.
• Could cause wastewater to mix with potable water
  if not installed properly.

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There are 2 Types of Plumbing Systems

• 1) Water Supply System
• 2) Drainage, Waste, and Venting (DWV)

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Water Supply System

• Distributes water under pressure throughout the
  structure for drinking, bathing, cooking, and
  laundry.
• This is a 2 pipe system.
• One pipe carries cold water, and the other hot
  water.

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DWV

• Carries away wastewater and solid waste from
  bathrooms, kitchens, and laundries.
• This subsystem is not under pressure, and must be
  properly vented to prevent wastewater form
  entering the drinking water supply.

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Pipe Sizing

• Pipe is usually identified by the Nominal size
  (I.D. and O.D.)
• Common sizes include ¼, ½, ¾, 1, 1and1/2, 2

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Different Types of Pipes and Tubing

• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
• Polybutylene (PB)
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Black Steel or Galvanized
• Copper Tubing

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Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride(CPVC)

• Suitable for piping hot water
• Rating of 180 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 psi

• Plastic Supply Piping
• Buff colored thermoplastic
• Light, easy to handle, resists cracks
• Good for freezing conditions

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Polybutylene (PB)

• Plastic Supply Piping
• Flexible, allowing for easy installation
• Connections made with compression fittings
• Also called Pex

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Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

• Plastic Piping
• Resists chemical attack
• Inexpensive

• Joined with a one-step solvent
• Used commonly for sewage and underground
  applications

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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Plastic Piping
• Has lower thermal expansion that makes long runs
  easier to control

• Joined with a two-step primer/solvent and
  suitable fittings
• Usually used for cold water applications

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Black Steel and Galvanized

• Very strong
• Not used much anymore
• Wall thicknesses include standard, extra heavy,
  and double extra heavy

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Copper Tubing

• May leave stains on valves, faucets, fixtures,
  and appliances
• Wall thicknesses include K (thickest), L, M

• Available in soft, annealed, or rigid form
• Resists corrosion very well
• Very expensive
• Creates a bad taste if water is acidic

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What are the differences between valves,
fixtures, faucets, and fittings?
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Valves

• Devices that control the flow of water in the
  water supply system.
• They are installed at certain places on the
  lines so that water can be shut off easily.

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Faucets

• Valves that permit controlled amounts of water
  as needed for use in a building.
• They deliver water to sinks, showers, and
  bathtubs, but can also deliver water to a hose or
  bucket.

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Fixtures

• Water-using devices such as sinks, bathtubs,
  urinals, stools, showers, and water heaters.

They are attached to the plumbing system and
receive water from the supply system.
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Fittings

• Used to connect pipes of similar or different
  types
• Adaptors connect different types of pipes
• Reducers connect different sizes of pipes

• Elbow used for single direction change
• Tee used for splitting a line into 2 directions

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Fittings

• Coupling connects 2 similar types of pipes
• Union connects 2 similar types of pipes and can
  be opened later
• Plug used to close a fitting
• Cap used to close a pipe end
• Nipple a short piece of pipe